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. 2021 Oct 19;5(10):e24208. doi: 10.2196/24208

Table 3.

Group means and differences with respect to the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System sleep-related impairment short form 8b (sleep disturbance), School Burnout Inventory (burnout), and The Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (depression and anxiety) scores at baseline and >8 weeks. Sleep disturbance indices were lower in the app group than the wait-list group at >8 weeks.


Time 1 Time 2 F test (df)

App group, mean (SD) Wait-list group, mean (SD) t test (df) App group, mean (SD) Wait-list group, mean (SD) t test (df)
Sleep disturbance 51.9 (9.99) 54.1 (2.99) –0.57 (12) 42.2 (7.45) 53.4 (7.15) –2.93a (12) 8.68a (1, 12)
Depression 3.00 (2.23) 4.86 (2.67) –1.41 (12) 3.14 (2.41) 4.00 (2.83) –0.61 (12) 0.48 (1, 12)
Anxiety 5.14 (3.08) 8.00 (3.96) –1.51 (12) 3.43 (2.82) 4.57 (4.20) –0.60 (12) 0.28 (1, 12)
Burnout 30.7 (6.21) 34.0 (5.48) –1.05 (12) 29.9 (8.69) 34.9 (7.67) –1.14 (12) 0.58 (1, 12)

aStatistically significant at P<.05.