Table 2.

Description of major measures.

Scale			Number of items	Timeframe and method of administration	Role in study	Development and modifications
IPAa
	CTSb; perpetration and victimization		22	Past 12 months [interview]	DVc	Adapted from Straus [65] Omitted verbal abuse items because of lack of sensitivity (verbal abuse is assessed using the Psychological Maltreatment of Women scale) Questions ask both about participant’s experiences of victimization and perpetration. Added questions after each section of the CTS about how often the participant and partner were each drinking
	Psychological Maltreatment of Women Inventory perpetration and victimization		30	Past 12 months [interview]	DV	Adapted from Tolman [66] Made pronouns gender neutral Added parallel questions about participants’ perpetration of psychological maltreatment Added questions about how often the participant and partner were each drinking at each IPA episode
Alcohol use and hazardous drinking
	Drinking consequences		16	Past 12 months [interview]	Moderator	Adapted from Wilsnack et al [67] Modified from the NSHLEWd and previous waves of CHLEWe; removed four questions that were not germane to the study aims
	Help-seeking for alcohol use		1	Past 12 months [interview]	Moderator	Adapted from Wilsnack et al [67]
Hazardous drinking (participant’s own drinking)
	Heavy drinking		2	Past 30 days and past 12 months [interview]	Moderator or mediator	On the basis of guidelines from the NIAAAf [68]
	HEDg		2	Past 30 days and past 12 months [interview]	Moderator or mediator	On the basis of NIAAA guidelines and relevant research [67,69-71]
	Intoxication		1	Past 12 months [interview]	Moderator or mediator	On the basis of measures used in the NSHLEW [67] and in previous waves of the CHLEW; see also, Brunborg and Østhus [72]
	Maximum quantity drinking		1	Past 12 months [interview]	Moderator or mediator	From the national alcohol survey [61]
	AUDh		11	Past 12 months [interview]	Moderator or mediator	On the basis of DSM-5i criteria for alcohol use disorder [73]
Hazardous drinking (participant’s report of partner’s drinking)
	Heavy drinking		2	Past 30 days and past 12 months [interview]	Moderator or mediator	On the basis of guidelines from the NIAAA [68]
	HED		2	Past 30 days and past 12 months [interview]	Moderator or mediator	On the basis of NIAAA guidelines and relevant research [67,69-71]
Smoking and other substance use
	Smoking
		Cigarette smoking (yes or no)	1	Current [web-based]	Moderator	From previous CHLEW waves
		Change in smoking behavior from 12 months ago	1	Current [web-based]	Moderator	From previous CHLEW waves
		E-cigarette smoking (frequency)	1	Past 12 months [web-based]	Moderator	From previous CHLEW waves
		Vaping (yes or no)	1	Lifetime [web-based]	Moderator	From National Survey on Drug Use and Health [74]
	Other substance use
		Substance use (sedatives, painkillers, marijuana, cocaine, stimulants, club drugs, hallucinogens, inhalants, heroin, or other; two questions about help-seeking)	12	Past 12 months [web-based]	Moderator or mediator	From the NESARCj III [75] Replaced dichotomous yes or no responses with frequency scale consistent with the NESARC (never, monthly or less often, weekly, daily, or almost daily)
		DASTk-10	9	Past 12 months [web-based]	Moderator or mediator	Adapted from Skinner [76] and Yudko et al [77] DAST questions were asked if any of the NESARC items above were endorsed. The first item, which screens for any drug use, was redundant with the NESARC measures; it was omitted.
Minority stressors
	Couple-level minority stressors		38	Life right now or past 12 months [interview and web-based]	IVl Moderator or mediator	Adapted from Neilands et al [78]; used four subscales (of eight) that are most relevant to study aims: Couple-level expectations of rejection Couple-level discrimination Lack of integration with families of origin Lack of social support for couples
	Sexual identity disclosure		6	Current [interview]	IV Moderator or mediator	Adapted from Herek [79] and used in previous waves of CHLEW
	Discrimination scale		12	Past 12 months [interview]	IV Moderator or mediator	Items are based on the Experiences of Discrimination Scale. [80]. These were developed from the AUDADIS-IVm study [81] and used in the NESARC-I [82]. Response options were amended to include additional reasons for discrimination; we ask separately about sex and gender.
	Family members’ reactions to disclosure		9	Lifetime [interview]	IV Moderator or mediator	Developed for CHLEW Study
	Internalized stigma		13	Current [web-based]	IV Moderator or mediator	Adapted from the Lesbian Internalized Homophobia Scale [83]
	Stigma consciousness		10	Current [interview]	IV Moderator or mediator	Adapted from Pinel [84] Items related to stigma related to being a lesbian Modified to create a bisexual version
Mental and physical health
	Adverse childhood experiences (physical and sexual abuse and neglect)		8	Before age 18 [interview]	Moderator	From NESARC-III [85,86]
	Early Trauma Inventory		5	Before age 18 [interview]	Moderator	Adapted from Bremner et al [87] Psychological abuse subscale only
	Characteristics of childhood sexual abuse [88,89]		2	Before age 18 [interview]	Moderator	Adapted from Wyatt [88] and Wilsnack et al [89] and used in the NSHLEW and CHLEW
	Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale		10	Past week [web-based]	Moderator or mediator	No modifications [90,91]
	Suicide ideation and attempts		3	Past year [interview]	Moderator	Adapted the diagnostic interview schedule: major depression [92]
	GADn-7		7	Past 2 weeks [interview]	Moderator or mediator	No modifications [93]
	Self-rated physical health [94]		2	Past 30 days [interview]	Covariate	No modifications [94]
	Self-rated mental health [94]		1	Past 30 days [interview]	Covariate	No modifications [94]
	Therapy or treatment seeking		5	Past year [interview]	Moderator	Used in previous waves of CHLEW
Impact of COVID-19
	COVID-19 diagnosis or symptoms		1	Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic [interview]	Covariate Moderator	Developed for the CHLEW Couples Study
	Change to employment situation due to COVID-19		1	Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic [interview]	Covariate Moderator or mediator	Developed for the CHLEW Couples Study
	Loss of health insurance due to COVID-19		1	Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic [interview]	Covariate Moderator	Developed for the CHLEW Couples Study
	Change in alcohol consumption during COVID-19 pandemic		3	Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic [web-based]	Covariate Moderator or mediator	Developed for the CHLEW Couples Study
Relationship characteristics
	Couple satisfaction index		4	Current [interview]	Mediator	Adapted from Funk and Rogge [95] Removed the question about happiness
Social support, stress, and coping
	Abbreviated brief COPEo scale		26	Current or in general [web-based]	Mediator	Adapted from Carver [96] Removed venting items (items 9 and 21) Removed planning items (items 14 and 25) Removed humor items (items 18 and 28) Removed acceptance (items 20 and 24) Removed religion items (items 22 and 27)
	Brief resilience scale		6	In general [web-based]	Moderator or mediator	No modifications [97]
	Drinking Motives Questionnaire		5	In general [web-based]	Mediator	Adapted from Cooper [98] Coping subscale only
	LGBp positive identity		5	In general [web-based]	IV Moderator or mediator	Adapted from Riggle et al [99] Community subscale only
	Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support		12	Current [interview]	Moderator or mediator	Adapted from Zimet et al [100] Added follow-up asking whether responses to questions about family in the MSPSSq referred to the participants’ family of origin, partner or children, or family of choice
	Perceived Stress Scale		4	Past month [web-based]	Moderator or mediator	No modifications [101]
Anger, hostility, emotion regulation, negative affect
	BAQr		12	In general [interview]	Mediator	No modifications [102,103]
	DERSs		12	In general [interview]	Mediator	Adapted from Kaufman et al [104] Removed two subscales (awareness and clarity)
	DARt		5	In general [interview]	Mediator	No modifications [105]
	PANAS–SFu		10	In general [web-based]	Mediator	No modifications [106]

^aIPA: intimate partner aggression.

^bCTS: Conflict Tactics Scale.

^cDV: dependent variable.

^dNSHLEW: National Study of Health and Life Experiences of Women.

^eCHLEW: Chicago Health and Life Experiences of Women.

^fNIAAA: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism.

^gHED: heavy episodic drinking.

^hAUD: alcohol use disorder.

ⁱDSM-5: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-5.

^jNESARC: National Epidemiologic Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions.

^kDAST: Drug Abuse Screening Test.

^lIV: independent variable.

^mAUDADIS-IV: Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-IV.

ⁿGAD: generalized anxiety disorder.

^oCOPE: Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory.

^pLGB: lesbian, gay, bisexual.

^qMSPSS: Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support.

^rBAQ: Brief Aggression Questionnaire.

^sDERS: Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale.

^tDAR: dDimensions of Anger Reaction.

^uPANAS–SF: Positive and Negative Affect Scale – Short Form.