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. 2021 Sep 17;100(12):101493. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101493

Table 2.

Growth performance of broiler chicks as affected by different levels of fumaric acid.

Items	Fumaric acid level (g/kg diet)					SEM	P value
Items	0	5	10	15	20	SEM	P value
Live body weight (g)
w 1	30.39	30.44	30.52	30.51	30.48	0.078	0.7547
w 3	109.40^e	112.72^d	118.10^c	123.44^a	120.17^b	0.633	<0.0001
w 5	190.07^d	196.00^bc	199.44^b	208.59^a	193.33^cd	1.183	<0.0001
Body weight gain (g / day)
1–3 wk	5.65^e	5.88^d	6.26^c	6.64^a	6.41^b	0.045	<0.0001
3–5 wk	5.76^b	5.95^b	5.81^a	6.08^a	5.23^b	0.104	0.0027
1–5 wk	5.70^d	5.91^bc	6.03^b	6.36^a	5.82^cd	0.043	<0.0001
Feed intake (g / day)
1–3 wk	14.72^a	13.38^b	12.62^c	13.21^bc	13.44^b	0.188	0.0009
3–5 wk	25.71^a	25.10^ab	24.33^b	23.13^c	22.90^c	0.300	0.0004
1–5 wk	20.22^a	19.24^b	18.48^c	18.18^c	18.17^c	0.166	<0.0001
Feed conversion ratio (g feed/ g gain)
1–3 wk	2.61^a	2.28^b	2.02^cd	1.99^d	2.10^c	0.025	<0.0001
3–5 wk	4.47^a	4.22^ab	4.19^b	3.81^c	4.38^ab	0.068	0.001
1–5 wk	3.55^a	3.25^b	3.06^c	2.86^d	3.12^c	0.037	<0.0001

^abcd

Means within the same row with different common superscripts differ significantly.