. 2021 Sep 17;100(12):101493. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101493

Table 3.

Apparent nutrient digestibility and digestive enzymes affected by different levels of fumaric acid.

Items	Fumaric acid level (g/kg diet)					SEM	P value
Items	0	5	10	15	20	SEM	P value
Crude protein	85.08^b	85.63^b	86.15^b	88.07^a	85.61^b	0.525	0.0287
Ether extract	70.67^d	72.85^c	75.99^b	82.00^a	75.72^b	0.557	<0.0001
Crude fiber	25.27^b	24.95^b	28.31^a	26.35^b	26.41^b	0.510	0.0124
Nitrogen-free extract	77.91^b	79.46^b	81.93^a	83.43^a	82.18^a	0.504	0.0001
Metabolizable energy	3021^b	3121^b	3379^a	3044^b	2981^b	51.31	0.0060
Digestive enzymes (U/l)
Amylase	13.43^c	17.53^ab	15.60^bc	19.60^a	15.30^bc	0.613	0.0011
Lipase	9.33	11.00	10.50	12.00	9.00	0.902	0.2615

^abc

Means within the same row with different common superscripts differ significantly.