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. 2021 Oct 7;297(5):101286. doi: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101286

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Amyloid formation of insulin at varying concentrations of NaCl or HCl under ultrasonication.A and C, maximum values of ThT fluorescence at a neutral pH (blue) and LS (red), and CD ellipticities at 220 nm (black) at varying concentrations of NaCl (A) and HCl (C) in the presence of 10 mM HCl. ThT fluorescence was measured under neutral pH conditions. The concentrations of NaCl and HCl were plotted after subtraction of the 10 mM HCl component. The insets show EM images of amyloid fibrils at 50 mM NaCl (A) and HCl (C). Scale bars are 200 nm. B and D, CD spectra obtained after amyloid formation at varying concentrations of NaCl (B) and HCl (D). E, phase diagram of HCl- or NaCl-induced amyloid formation of insulin plotted by the conformational states. Monomer and amyloid fibrils and amorphous aggregates are represented by white and blue and red circles, respectively. The shaded area is prohibited owing to the increase in the concentration of Cl− with a decrease in the pH of the solution. Kinetics of amyloid formation at varying concentrations of NaCl and HCl were shown in Figure S9.