TABLE 1.
Spearman correlations between the GDQS (scored using FFQ data) and energy-adjusted nutrients and clinical measurements among Ethiopian adults
| Total | Dry season | Wet season | Rural | Urban | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome | Men, n = 976 | Women, n = 1604 | Men, n = 483 | Women, n = 802 | Men, n = 493 | Women, n = 800 | Men, n = 840 | Women, n = 1317 | Men, n = 134 | Women, n = 287 |
| Calcium | 0.171 | 0.131 | 0.191 | 0.191 | 0.132 | 0.06 | 0.161 | 0.101 | 0.361 | 0.301 |
| Fiber | 0.201 | 0.141 | 0.281 | 0.161 | 0.103 | 0.102 | 0.161 | 0.121 | 0.361 | 0.192 |
| Folate | 0.231 | 0.211 | 0.231 | 0.171 | 0.231 | 0.261 | 0.201 | 0.221 | 0.391 | 0.172 |
| Iron | −0.01 | 0.01 | −0.07 | −0.07 | 0.04 | 0.102 | 0.00 | 0.02 | −0.10 | 0.02 |
| MUFA | 0.073 | 0.151 | 0.07 | 0.161 | 0.06 | 0.141 | 0.083 | 0.121 | 0.08 | 0.251 |
| Protein | 0.073 | 0.111 | 0.02 | 0.112 | 0.122 | 0.112 | 0.083 | 0.082 | 0.11 | 0.211 |
| PUFA | 0.06 | 0.101 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 0.122 | 0.141 | 0.06 | 0.082 | 0.10 | 0.162 |
| SFA | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.06 | −0.01 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.08 |
| Vitamin A | 0.141 | 0.111 | 0.221 | 0.121 | 0.02 | 0.083 | 0.131 | 0.091 | 0.281 | 0.172 |
| Vitamin B12 | −0.092 | 0.00 | −0.01 | 0.00 | −0.171 | −0.083 | −0.093 | −0.05 | 0.04 | 0.152 |
| Zinc | 0.04 | 0.101 | 0.00 | 0.073 | 0.06 | 0.131 | 0.04 | 0.073 | 0.08 | 0.241 |
| BMI | −0.01 | 0.101 | −0.05 | 0.102 | 0.00 | 0.093 | 0.00 | 0.092 | −0.05 | 0.11 |
| MUAC | 0.00 | 0.101 | −0.02 | 0.092 | 0.01 | 0.102 | 0.01 | 0.091 | −0.04 | 0.11 |
| Hemoglobin | 0.03 | 0.072 | 0.02 | 0.083 | 0.06 | 0.083 | 0.04 | 0.073 | −0.02 | 0.07 |
| Ferritin | −0.03 | 0.02 | −0.152 | −0.05 | 0.08 | 0.10 | −0.05 | 0.01 | 0.11 | 0.10 |
| Serum folate | 0.131 | 0.201 | 0.08 | 0.132 | 0.181 | 0.271 | 0.121 | 0.191 | 0.223 | 0.193 |
| Serum B12 | 0.073 | −0.02 | −0.04 | −0.123 | 0.191 | 0.113 | 0.06 | −0.03 | 0.223 | 0.17 |
| Systolic BP | 0.111 | 0.082 | 0.123 | 0.07 | 0.09 | 0.093 | 0.131 | 0.072 | −0.03 | 0.123 |
| Diastolic BP | 0.092 | 0.04 | 0.09 | 0.083 | 0.08 | 0.01 | 0.112 | 0.05 | −0.03 | 0.03 |
Sample sizes (in parentheses) indicate the number of participants for whom food and nutrient intake data were available (n values for other outcomes are provided in subsequent tables). Abbreviations: BP, blood pressure; GDQS, Global Diet Quality Score; MUAC, midupper arm circumference.
P < 0.001.
P < 0.01.
P < 0.05.