TABLE 3.

Comparison of Spearman correlations between the GDQS, MDD-W, and AHEI-2010 (scored using FFQ data) and energy-adjusted nutrients and clinical measurements among Ethiopian adults

			GDQS	MDD-W		AHEI-2010
Outcome	Sex	n	ρ	ρ	P-diff	ρ	P-diff
Calcium	Men	976	0.171	0.221	0.057	0.102	0.0123
	Women	1604	0.131	0.161	0.229	0.01	<0.0011
Fiber intake	Men	976	0.201	0.111	0.0012	0.231	0.301
	Women	1604	0.141	0.101	0.069	0.191	0.050
Folate	Men	976	0.231	0.121	<0.0011	0.231	0.780
	Women	1604	0.211	0.121	<0.0011	0.251	0.173
Iron intake	Men	976	−0.01	0.00	0.864	0.04	0.131
	Women	1604	0.01	−0.02	0.062	0.04	0.135
MUFA	Men	976	0.073	0.301	<0.0011	−0.181	<0.0011
	Women	1604	0.151	0.361	<0.0011	−0.121	<0.0011
Protein	Men	976	0.073	0.201	<0.0011	−0.211	<0.0011
	Women	1604	0.111	0.201	<0.0011	−0.111	<0.0011
PUFA	Men	976	0.06	0.00	0.0082	0.261	<0.0011
	Women	1604	0.101	0.03	<0.0011	0.261	<0.0011
SFA	Men	976	0.01	0.191	<0.0011	−0.341	<0.0011
	Women	1604	0.03	0.201	<0.0011	−0.331	<0.0011
Vitamin A	Men	976	0.141	0.092	0.055	−0.01	<0.0011
	Women	1604	0.111	0.101	0.622	−0.063	<0.0011
Vitamin B12	Men	976	−0.092	0.161	<0.0011	−0.421	<0.0011
	Women	1604	0.00	0.251	<0.0011	−0.391	<0.0011
Zinc	Men	976	0.04	0.161	<0.0011	−0.151	<0.0011
	Women	1604	0.101	0.151	0.0022	−0.082	<0.0011
ONA	Men	965	0.321	0.481	<0.0011	0.121	<0.0011
	Women	1596	0.261	0.461	<0.0011	0.03	<0.0011
BMI	Men	965	−0.01	0.131	<0.0011	−0.02	0.801
	Women	1596	0.101	0.161	0.0103	0.063	0.230
MUAC	Men	965	0.00	0.141	<0.0011	−0.02	0.389
	Women	1596	0.101	0.171	0.0012	0.072	0.439
Hemoglobin	Men	883	0.03	0.111	0.0103	−0.04	0.0183
	Women	1485	0.072	0.101	0.133	0.073	0.655
Ferritin	Men	869	−0.03	0.01	0.089	−0.02	0.906
	Women	782	0.02	−0.04	0.0293	0.04	0.413
Serum folate	Men	872	0.131	0.141	0.656	0.121	0.940
	Women	784	0.201	0.211	0.431	0.112	<0.0011
Serum B12	Men	872	0.073	0.04	0.447	−0.02	0.0143
	Women	785	−0.02	−0.07	0.0032	−0.07	0.141
Systolic BP	Men	976	0.111	0.121	0.538	0.04	0.0483
	Women	1604	0.082	0.072	0.250	0.063	0.338
Diastolic BP	Men	976	0.092	0.141	0.053	0.05	0.166
	Women	1604	0.04	0.063	0.400	0.02	0.502

ONA measures are energy-adjusted and continuous, showing the number of adequate nutrients out of 8. Abbreviations: AHEI-2010, Alternative Healthy Eating Index–2010; BP, blood pressure; GDQS, Global Diet Quality Score; MDD-W, Minimum Dietary Diversity–Women; MUAC, midupper arm circumference; MUFA, monounsatured fatty acids; ONA, overall nutrient adequacy; PUFA, polyunsatured fatty acids.

¹Statistical significance of correlations, and Wolfe's tests comparing metric-outcome correlations for the GDQS compared with MDD-W and GDQS compared with AHEI-2010 (P-diff): P < 0.001.

²Statistical significance of correlations, and Wolfe's tests comparing metric-outcome correlations for the GDQS compared with MDD-W and GDQS compared with AHEI-2010 (P-diff): P < 0.01.

³Statistical significance of correlations, and Wolfe's tests comparing metric-outcome correlations for the GDQS compared with MDD-W and GDQS compared with AHEI-2010 (P-diff): P < 0.05.