TABLE 7.
Comparison of statistically significant covariate-adjusted associations between the GDQS, MDD-W, and AHEI-2010 (scored using 24HR data) compared with selected diet quality outcomes among Ethiopian women
| Comparison Metric | GDQS | Comparison Metric | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome | Sex | Statistic | n | n, Cases | Per 1 SD | P-trend | Per 1 SD | P-trend | P-diff | |
| AHEI-2010 | Anemia | F | OR (95% CI) | 1474 | 255 | 0.85 (0.74–0.98) | 0.0121 | 0.86 (0.75–0.99) | 0.052 | 0.342 |
| Low ferritin | F | OR (95% CI) | 762 | 167 | 0.98 (0.82–1.18) | 0.818 | 0.82 (0.68–0.99) | 0.0091 | 0.167 | |
| B12 deficiency | F | OR (95% CI) | 1593 | 345 | 1.12 (0.97–1.30) | 0.105 | 1.18 (1.02–1.38) | 0.0341 | 0.434 | |
| ONA, % | F | EMM (95% CI) | 1593 | — | 0.57 (0.22–0.91) | 0.0012 | −0.32 (−0.66 to 0.03) | 0.361 | 0.0391 | |
| MDD-W | Anemia | F | OR (95% CI) | 1474 | 255 | 0.85 (0.74–0.98) | 0.0121 | 0.90 (0.78–1.04) | 0.372 | 0.594 |
| Low ferritin | F | OR (95% CI) | 762 | 167 | 0.98 (0.82–1.18) | 0.818 | 1.16 (0.96–1.39) | 0.0041 | 0.234 | |
| B12 deficiency | F | OR (95% CI) | 1593 | 345 | 1.12 (0.97–1.30) | 0.105 | 1.03 (0.89–1.20) | 0.85 | 0.173 | |
| ONA, % | F | EMM (95% CI) | 1593 | — | 0.57 (0.22–0.91) | 0.0012 | 1.72 (1.38–2.05) | <0.0011 | 0.0201 | |
Excluded from this table are outcomes categorized as lower clinical relevance (the binary measure of energy-adjusted overall nutrient inadequacy and continuous anthropometric and biomarker outcomes), and models in which individual trends for both the GDQS and comparison metric were not significant (P-trend ≥ 0.05) for both the AHEI-2010 and MDD-W; refer to Supplemental Table 7 for expanded results. Models are adjusted for age, urban/rural locality, education level, marital status, and occupation. ONA: energy-adjusted continuous measure of overall nutrient adequacy (mean probability of adequacy of 8 nutrients). Abbreviations: 24HR, 24-hour recall; AHEI-2010, Alternative Healthy Eating Index–2010; EMM, estimated marginal mean; GDQS, Global Diet Quality Score; MDD-W, Minimum Dietary Diversity–Women; ONA, overall nutrient adequacy.
Statistical significance of linear trends across metric tertiles (P-trend), and Wald tests comparing trends between the GDQS and other metrics (P-diff): P < 0.05.
Statistical significance of linear trends across metric tertiles (P-trend), and Wald tests comparing trends between the GDQS and other metrics (P-diff): P < 0.01.