TABLE 1.
Characteristics of ECHO cohorts that assessed prenatal dietary intake1
| Cohort name, recruitment area (years of data collection) | Specific method or questionnaire (reference) | Gestational range of administration (time frame of recall) | Nutrient database | Supplement database (if applicable) | n |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 24-Hour recalls | |||||
| Safe Passage, Sioux Falls and Rapid City, SD (2007–2015) | Interviewer-administered USDA Automated Multiple Pass Method, with supplement module (17) | 20–40 wk gestation (prior 24 h) | University of Minnesota's Nutrition Data System for Research | University of Minnesota's Nutrition Data System for Research | 64 |
| Healthy Start, Aurora, CO (2009–2014) | Automated Self-Administered 24-h recall (18) and supplement form querying brand, type, dose | 6–40 wk gestation (prior 24 h) | Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies | Product labels, Dietary Supplement Label Database | 1363 |
| ARCH, Lansing, Michigan (2015–2017) | Unstructured 24-h recall | 15–35 wk gestation (prior 24 h) | Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies | — | 50 |
| MADRES, Los Angeles, CA(2015–2019) | Automated Self-Administered 24-h recall (18) | 28–38 wk gestation (prior 24 h) | Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies | — | 178 |
| Rochester, Rochester, NY (2015–2019) | Interviewer-administered USDA Automated Multiple Pass Method (17) | 16–39 wk gestation (prior 24 h) | University of Minnesota's Nutrition Data System for Research | — | 255 |
| Food-frequency questionnaires | |||||
| Project Viva,2 Boston, MA(1999–2003) | Self-administered Harvard FFQ (modified for use in pregnancy) (19) and supplement form querying brand, type, dose | 5–40 wk gestation (prior 3 mo) | Harvard nutrient composition database | Harvard nutrient composition database | 1872 |
| CHARGE, Davis/Sacramento, CA, and surrounding area (2003–2009) | Self-administered Modified Block-Muldoon FFQ for Pregnancy (with added questions for fish intake/omega-3 fatty acids) (20) and supplement form querying brand, type, dose | Offspring age 2–5 y (reflecting entire prenatal period) | Nutrition Quest nutrient composition database | Product labels, University of Minnesota's Nutrition Data System for Research | 508 |
| CANDLE, Shelby County, TN(2006–2011) | Block FFQ 2005 with supplement questions (21) | 15–35 wk gestation (prior 3 mo) | Nutrition Quest nutrient composition database | Nutrition Quest nutrient composition database | 1322 |
| MARBLES,2 Davis/Sacramento, CA,and surrounding area (2006–2020) | Block FFQ 2005 (21) with supplement form querying brand, type, dose | 10–40 wk gestation (1–20 wk and 20–40 wk gestation) | Nutrition Quest nutrient composition database | Product labels, University of Minnesota's Nutrition Data System for Research | 221 |
| New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study,State of New Hampshire(2009–2018) | Harvard FFQ (22) | 20–40 wk gestation (since becoming pregnant) | Harvard nutrient composition database | — | 1322 |
| EARLI,2 Philadelphia, PA; Baltimore,MD; San Francisco Bay Area, CA;Sacramento, CA (2011–2017) | Modified National Cancer Institute Dietary History Questionnaire (23) with supplement form querying brand, type, dose | 16–39 wk gestation (prior 3 mo) | National Cancer Institute's Diet History Questionnaire nutrient database | Product labels, University of Minnesota's Nutrition Data System for Research | 195 |
| PRISM, Boston, MA, and New YorkCity, NY (2011–2017) | Interviewer-administered modified Block-Bodnar FFQ with supplement questions (24) | 8–40 wk gestation (prior 3 mo) | Nutrition Quest nutrient composition database | Product labels, Dietary Supplement Label Database, Dietary Supplement Ingredient Database | 567 |
| PETALS, Greater San Francisco BayArea, CA (2013–2018) | Self-administered Block FFQ (21) | 10–13 wk gestation (prior 3 mo) | Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies | — | 914 |
| Atlanta ECHO Cohort of EmoryUniversity, Atlanta, GA (2014–2019) | Block-Bodnar FFQ with supplement questions (24) | 8–14 and 24–30 wk gestation2 (prior 4 mo) | Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies | Nutrition Quest nutrient composition database | 310 |
| NYU CHES, New York City, NY(2016–2019) | National Cancer Institute Dietary History Questionnaire-2 with supplement questions (25) | 18–40 wk gestation (prior 12 mo) | National Cancer Institute's Diet History Questionnaire nutrient database | National Cancer Institute's Diet History Questionnaire nutrient database | 660 |
1
ARCH, Archive for Resarch in Child Health; CANDLE, Conditions Affecting Neurocognitive Development and Early Learning; CHARGE, CHildhood Autism Risk from Genetics and the Environment Study; EARLI, Early Autism Risk Longitudinal Investigation; ECHO, Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes; FFQ, food-frequency questionnaire; MADRES, Maternal And Developmental Risks from Environmental and Social Stressors; MARBLES, Markers of Autism Risk in Babies: Learning Early Signs; MARCH, Michigan Archive for Resarch in CHild Health; NYU CHES, New York University Children's Health and Environment Study; PETALS, Pregnancy Environment and Lifestyle Study; PRISM, Pediatric Research using Integrated Sensor Monitoring Systems.
2
Two or more FFQs were administered during pregnancy and were averaged for analysis.