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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Clin Nutr. 2021 Mar 11;40(5):2475–2482. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.03.003

Table 1.

Characteristics of nine cohorts meta-analyzed *

Characteristics Cohort Name
ARIC
(n=15412)
CARDIAƗ
(n=5094)
CHS
(n=2317)
JHS
(n=3908)
MESA
(n=6531)
PHS
(n=18266)
REGARDSƗ
(n=9030)
WACS
(n=6164)
WHS
(n=37089)
Age (y) 54.2 ±5.8 24.9±3.7 77.8±4.5 53.4±13.0 62.2±10.2 66.3±9.2 64.9±8.4 60.8±8.9 54.6±7.0
Body mass (kg/m2) 27.7 ±5.4 24.5 ±5.1 26.5 ±4.5 31.1 ±7.1 28.3 ± 5.4 25.7 ±3.3 29.1±5.6 29.6±6.4 25.9±4.9
Men (%) 44.0% 45.6% 37.0% 38.0% 47.4% 100.0% 43.6% 0.0% 0.0%
White (%) 73.0% 48.5% 84.0% 0.0% 39.0% 93.0% 72.8% 95.0% 94.0%
Black (%) 26.7% 51.5% 15.0% 100.0% 26.8% 0.7% 27.2% 2.6% 2.0%
Current smoking (%) 26.1% 13.3% 7.0% 14.0% 12.6% 3.3% 10.7% 16.0% 13.0%
Alcohol intake (%) 38.6% 13.5% 46.0% 49.0% 69.1% 82.0% 46.7% 49.6% 56.0%
Fruits (serv/d) 2.5 ±1.9 3.6 ±3.5 3.4 ±1.9 2.6 ±2.5 1.9 ±1.6 2.5 ±1.7 3.4 ±2.7 2.3 ±1.5 2.2 ±1.4
Vegetables (serv/d) 1.5 ±1.1 3.1±2.7 4.0 ±2.4 3.2 ±2.4 2.3 ±1.6 2.3 ±1.4 2.8 ±1.8 4.2 ±2.4 4.0 ±2.3
Nut/legume (serv/d) 0.2±0.3 0.8±1.8 0.7 ±0.7 0.8 ±0.8 0.5 ±0.7 1.3 ±1.2 0.6 ±0.8 0.8 ±0.6 0.7 ±0.6
Dairy products (serv/d) 1.0±1.1 1.2±1.8 1.0 ±0.9 0.2 ±0.4 0.8 ±1.2 0.9 ±1.0 2.5 ±2.4 1.2 ±1.1 1.2 ±1.0
Whole grain (serv/d) 1.2 ±1.2 1.5±1.6 1.5 ±1.3 1.0±1.2 0.8 ±0.7 1.4 ±1.6 1.6 ±1.0 1.4 ±1.2 1.5 ±1.2
Sodium intake (g/d) 1.5±0.6 4.4±2.7 2.6±1.1 3.4±1.6 2.3±4.7 1.5±0.6 2.3±1.0 1.7±0.3 1.9±0.3
Red/processed meat (serv/d) 1.1 ±0.8 1.0±0.9 0.8±0.7 1.2±1.3 0.6±0.6 0.7±0.6 1.9±1.2 0.8±0.6 0.8±0.5
Sweetened beverage (serv/d) 0.5±1.0 0.6±1.1 0.4±0.6 0.3±0.5 0.4±0.9 0.3±0.6 NA 1.0±1.3 1.0±1.2
Egg intake (median/wk) 1.0 3.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 1.8 1.0 1.0
DASH score 23.8 ±4.1 23.9±5.2 24.4±4.7 24.0±5.0 25.1±4.7 24.2±4.9 24.4±4.4 24.2±5.2 24.0±5.4
*

ARIC: Atherosclerosis Risk in Community

CARDIA: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study

CHS: Cardiovascular Health Study

JHS: Jackson Heart Study

MESA: Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

PHS: Physicians’ Health Study

REGARDS: The Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke Study

WACS: The Women’s Antioxidant Cardiovascular Study

WHS: Women’s Health Study

DASH: Dietary approach to stop hypertension

Ɨ

Study that did not contribute to CHD analyses