Fig. 2.

Therapeutic HPV vaccination schematic. Therapeutic vaccines activate the adaptive immune system by targeting E6 and/or E7 antigen(s), producing a cell-mediated immune response for the control or treatment of HPV infection or HPV-associated disease. Therapeutic HPV vaccination methods include, live-vector-based vaccines (bacterial vector or viral vector); peptide- or protein-based vaccines; dendritic cell-based vaccines; and DNA-based vaccines