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. 2021 Oct 30;11:04066. doi: 10.7189/jogh.11.04066

Table 1.

Sample description: Sociodemographic characteristics and means of externalising problems and socio-emotional competences, Pelotas 2004 Birth Cohort. (N = 2063)

Child and household characteristics
 Total
 BFP
 Non-BFP
N or Mean
% or SD
N or Mean
% or SD
N or Mean
% or SD
Child’s sex:
Female
 1004
 48.7
 446
 51.1
 558
 46.9
Weight at birth (grammes)
 3163.0
 538.7
 3167.9
 525.1
 3159.4
 548.6
Skin colour:
White
 1336
 64.8
 505
 57.9
 831
 69.8
Black
 281
 13.6
 140
 16.0
 141
 11.9
Mixed
 446
 21.6
 228
 26.1
 218
 18.3
Maternal schooling (years)
 7.15
 2.97
 6.04
 2.67
 7.96
 2.91
Maternal age at childbirth
 25.45
 6.92
 26.12
 6.96
 24.96
 6.84
Mother’s number of children at childbirth
 1.07
 1.33
 1.58
 1.53
 0.70
 1.01
Mother living with partner at childbirth
 1700
 82.4
 729
 83.5
 971
 81.6
Wealth Score (4 years)
 405.75
 117.45
 368.41
 111.33
 433.00
 114.31
Wealth Strata (4 years):
1st-Poorest
 291
 14.1
 178
 20.4
 113
 9.5
2nd
436
 21.1
 245
 28.1
 191
 16.1
3rd
702
 33.0
 289
 33.1
 413
 34.7
4th
634
 30.7
 161
 18.4
 473
 39.6
Maternal depressive symptoms (6 years)
 387
 18.8
 216
 24.7
 171
 14.4
Child’s mental health (11 years):
SDQ externalising problems*
 4.9
 4.4
 5.3
 4.7
 4.6
 4.1
SDQ less prosocial behaviour†
 0.8
 1.4
 0.8
 1.4
 0.8
 1.4
Violent behaviour‡
 274
 13.7
 124
 14.6
 150
 13.0
Social aptitudes
 20.6
 3.3
 20.5
 3.3
 20.7
 3.3
Positive attributes
 38.2
 6.9
 38.2
 7.2
 38.3
 6.7
Locus of control
 6.6
 1.9
 6.6
 2.0
 6.2
 1.9
Total 2063 100.0 873 42.3 1190 57.7

BFP – Bolsa Família Programme, N – number of observations, SD – standard deviation, SDQ – Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire

*Conduct plus hyperactivity items. Higher scores indicate greater externalising problems.

†Prosocial subscale is reverse scored. Higher scores indicate less prosocial behaviour.

‡Any 12-month physical aggression that caused injuries, N = 2007 adolescent report.