Table 5.

Effect of BFP participation at 6 years on mental health at 11 years among 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort participants*

	Average treatment effect on the treated
Outcome	BFP vs Non-BFP difference	SE	P-value
Externalising problems:
SDQ-Externalising problems†	-0.05	0.31	0.433
SDQ-Not Prosocial‡	-0.04	0.09	0.654
Violent behaviour§	0.01	0.02	0.342
Socio-emotional competencies:
Social aptitudes	-0.15	0.25	0.281
Positive attributes	-0.07	0.48	0.439
Locus of control‖	0.19	0.13	0.148

BFP – Bolsa Família Programme, SDQ – Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, SE – standard error

*Treatment effects estimator: Nearest-neighbor Propensity score matching. Matched by sex, ethnicity, maternal schooling, household wealth score, maternal age at childbirth, maternal depressive symptoms, and number of live children at birth.

†Conduct plus hyperactivity items. Higher scores indicate greater externalising problems.

‡Prosocial subscale is reverse scored. Higher scores indicate less prosocial behaviour.

§Any 12-month physical aggression that caused injuries, N = 2007 adolescent report.

‖N = 1959 adolescent report.