Table 1.
Baseline characteristics between patients with and without antibiotic prescription
| Characteristic | All (N = 31,416) N (%) | No antibiotic (N = 14,213) N (%) | Antibiotic (N = 17,203) N (%) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 19,951 (63.5) | 9073 (63.8) | 10,878 (63.2) | 0.27 |
| Male | 11,465 (36.5) | 5140 (36.2) | 6325 (36.8) | |
| Race | ||||
| Black | 2777 (8.8) | 1522 (10.7) | 1255 (7.3) | <0.001* |
| Other | 1660 (5.3) | 856 (6) | 804 (4.7) | |
| White | 26,979 (85.9) | 11,835 (83.3) | 15,144 (88) | |
| Age, y, mean (SD) | 45.56 (16.7) | 45.08 (17.15) | 45.96 (16.31) | <0.001* |
| < 65 | 26,859 (85.5) | 12,083 (85) | 14,776 (85.9) | |
| ≥ 65 | 4557 (14.5) | 2130 (15) | 2427 (14.1) | 0.03* |
| Fevera | 477 (1.8) | 153 (1.3) | 324 (2.1) | <0.001* |
| SBP, mm Hg | ||||
| < 100 | 2157 (4.7) | 1084 (5) | 1073 (4.5) | |
| ≥ 100 | 29,259 (95.3) | 13,129 (95) | 16,130 (95.5) | 0.05 |
| Pulse, bpm | ||||
| < 100 | 24,095 (91.2) | 10,609 (91.8) | 13,486 (90.7) | <0.001* |
| ≥ 100 | 2331 (8.8) | 943 (8.2) | 1388 (9.3) | |
| BMI | ||||
| < 25.0 | 9142 (31.8) | 4396 (33.8) | 4746 (30.2) | <0.001 |
| 25.0–29.9 | 9323 (32.5) | 4190 (32.2) | 5133 (32.7) | |
| ≥ 30.0 | 10,249 (35.7) | 4417 (34.0) | 5832 (37.1) | |
| Smoking statusb | ||||
| Never | 18,527 (60.9) | 8628 (62.7) | 9899 (59.4) | <0.001* |
| Quit | 7630 (25.1) | 3375 (24.5) | 4255 (25.5) | |
| Yes | 3855 (12.7) | 1563 (11.4) | 2292 (13.8) | |
| Asthma | 3207 (10.2) | 1374 (9.7) | 1833 (10.7) | 0.004* |
| PCP visitc | 12,518 (39.8) | 5893 (41.5) | 6625 (38.5) | <0.001* |
| Medical residentsd | 792 (2.5) | 417 (2.9) | 375 (2.2) | <0.001* |
| Income, thousands of dollars, mean (SD) | 59.32 (17.95) | 58.93 (18.67) | 59.64 (17.32) | <0.001* |
| Diagnosis | ||||
| Bronchitis | 3718 (11.8) | 603 (4.2) | 3115 (18.1) | <0.001* |
| Pharyngitis | 8542 (27.2) | 4662 (32.8) | 3880 (22.6) | |
| Sinusitis | 6699 (21.3) | 414 (2.9) | 6285 (36.5) | |
| URI | 12,457 (39.7) | 8534 (60) | 3923 (22.8) | |
| Insurance | ||||
| Commercial | 26,864 (85.5) | 12,133 (85.4) | 14,731 (85.6) | 0.004* |
| Medicaid | 220 (0.7) | 124 (0.9) | 96 (0.6) | |
| Medicare | 4332 (13.8) | 1956 (13.8) | 2376 (13.8) |
Asterisk means statistically significant P < 0.05.
a
Fever is defined as temperature ≥100.4 °F (38 °C).
b
Did not include smoking status if not asked or passive.
c
PCP was the provider at the visit.
d
Resident was the provider at the visit.
BMI, body mass index; PCP, primary care provider; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SD, standard deviation; URI, upper respiratory tract infection.