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. 2021 Oct 22;6(20):e152013. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.152013

Figure 5. Quantities of IL-6–expressing microglia cells increased with acute infection and remained elevated in chronically infected animals.

Figure 5

(A–D) IL-6–producing cells in frontal cortex, thalamus, and basal ganglia of macaque brain after infection with SIV were identified using anti–IL-6 antibody costained (double positive) with antibodies against Iba-1. Analysis of double-positive cells in the 3 brain regions combined (A) and in individual brain regions: frontal cortex (B), thalamus (C), and basal ganglia (D). Each data point indicates 1 animal, and the associated numerical value is the average number of cells counted in 15 HPFs at 40× under light microscope. (E and F) IHC images of negative control (E) and positive staining (single stained for Iba-1 in brown [black arrow]; double stained [blue arrow] for Iba-1 and IL-6 in brown and blue, respectively) (F). Data are presented as mean ± SD. Statistical significance was calculated using a nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test and multiple comparisons were assessed using Dunn’s post hoc analysis. *P ≤ 0.05, ***P ≤ 0.001. n = 3 (control, 7 dpi, chronic), n = 5 (14 dpi) (A–D). Scale bar: 20 μm (E and F).