Table 4.
Risk factor analysis of retinal hemorrhage
| Variables | Univariate analysis [OR (CI 95%)] | P value | Multivariate analysis [OR (CI 95%)] | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender (Female) | 0.74 (0.52–1.07) | 0.11 | 1.33 (0.92–1.92) | 0.13 |
| Methods of delivery | ||||
| C-sectiona | 0.27 (0.18–0.41) | < 0.001* | 0.29 (0.19–0.44) | < 0.001* |
| Delivery method with instrument (vacuum, forceps, or both)a | 0.78 (0.34–1.79) | 0.561 | 0.73 (0.32–1.69) | 0.47 |
| Prolonged laborb | 1.84 (1.24–2.72) | 0.002# | 0.81 (0.54–1.23) | 0.33 |
| APGAR Score | 0.796 (0.88–1.99) | 0.183 | 1.870 (1.19–2.93) | 1.87 |
aCompared to spontaneous vaginal delivery
bProlonged labor is defined as prolonged duration of delivery at any stage (stage 1, stage 2, or combined)
*Odds ratio of less than 1 and p<0.05 indicate that C-section is a significant protective factor against RH #Odds ratio greater than 1 and p < 0.05 indicate that prolonged labor is a significant risk factor for RH