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. 2021 Nov 3;18:158. doi: 10.1186/s12984-021-00947-8

Table 2.

Motor function of the affected and the non-affected hand (means) and laterality quotients (means) of studies included in the review

Test (units) Interventions/groups Baseline 1. Follow up 2. Follow up 1. Follow up—baseline changes 2. Follow up—baseline changes References
NA A LQ NA A LQ NA A LQ NA A LQ NA A LQ
MI (UL) (score) Na 100 10 82 Nascimbeni et al. [60]
MRC (score) Na 5.0 0.7 75 5.0 4.0 11 0.0 3.3 −64 Delvaux et al. [61]
FM (score) Na 66 44 20 Freundlieb et al. [62]
SSS hand (score) Na 6.0 1.1 69 Trompetto et al. [37]
NIHSS (UL) (score) Na 0.0 1.9 100 Di Lazzaro et al. [63]
FM (score) Na 66 34 32 Du et al. [27]
FM (score) (1) Anodal tdcs 66 47 17 66 54 10 66 60 5 0 7 −7 0 13 −12 Sattler et al. [30]
(2) Sham tdcs 66 49 15 66 58 6 66 61 4 0 9 −8 0 12 −11
FM (score) Na 66 28 40 Du et al. [64]
FM (score) Na 66 50 14 Huynh et al. [28]
Grip strength (N) Na 65 25 44 Volz et al. [65]
FM (score) (1) CT 66 36 29 66 37 28 0 1 −1 El Helow et al. [66]
(2) CIMT 66 32 35 66 50 14 0 18 −21
FM (score) (1) Sham rTMS 66 32 35 66 38 27 66 42 22 0 6 −8 0 10 −12 Blesneag et al. [67]
(2) 1 Hz rTMS 66 29 39 66 43 21 66 45 19 0 14 −18 0 16 −20
FM (score) Na 66 15 63 66 50 14 66 46 18 0 35 −49 0 31 −45 Birchenall et al. [68]
ARAT (score) Na 57 34 25 57 45 12 57 51 6 0 11 −14 0 17 −20 Swayne et al. [34]
MRC (score) (1) Anodal tdcs 5.0 1.5 54 5.0 3.3 20 0.0 1.8 −33 Khedr et al. [69]
(2) Cathodal tdcs 5.0 2.0 43 5.0 3.4 19 0.0 1.4 −24
(3) Sham tdcs 5.0 1.5 54 5.0 2.4 35 0.0 0.9 −19
MI (UL) (score) Na 100 63 23 Bütefisch et al. [70]
MRC (score) Na 5.0 0.0 100 5.0 2.7 30 5.0 2.6 32 0.0 2.7 −70 0.0 2.6 −68 Prashanta et al. [71]
FM (score) Na 66 23 48 Lee et al. [72]
FM (score) (1) VRT 66 24 47 66 35 31 66 46 18 0 11 −16 0 22 −29 Yarossi et al. [73]
FM (score) (1) 1 Hz rTMS + AO 66 28 40 66 40 25 0 12 −16 Noh et al. [74]
(2) 1 Hz rTMS 66 21 52 66 31 36 0 10 −16
FM (score) Na 66 30 38 66 44 20 66 45 19 0 14 −18 0 15 −19 Takechi et al. [75]
ARAT (score) Na 57 48 9 57 50 7 0 2 −2 Lioumis et al. [76]
CNS (UL) (score) Na 4.5 1.1 61 Cincinelli et al. [77]
JTHFT (sec) Na 6.39 10.41 24 Lüdemann-Podubecká et al. [46]
WMFT (score) Na 70 32 37 Veldema et al. [44]
FM (score) Na 66 24 47 66 36 29 0 12 −17 Platz et al. [79]
MI (UL) (score) Na 100 62 23 Renner et al. [80]
FM (score) Na 66 55 9 Kim et al. [22]
NHPT (time) (1) TBS 36 22 24 34 22 21 −2 0 −3 Khan et al. [81]
(2) NMES 36 22 24 34 21 24 −2 −1 −1
(3) TBS + NMES 36 21 26 30 21 18 −6 0 −9
CNS (UL) (score) Na 4.5 0.5 80 4.5 0.9 67 4.5 1.0 64 0.0 0.4 −13 0.0 0.5 −16 Traversa et al. [82]
RMA (score) Na 15.0 11.8 12 Renner et al. [83]
WMFT (score) Na 75 38 33 75 48 22 75 55 15 0 10 −11 0 17 −17 Seniòw [84]
MAS (UL) (score) Na 68 24 48 Brouwer et al. [25]
FAT (score) (1) PT 5 3.8 14 5 3.8 14 5 3.8 14 0 0 0 0 0.0 0 Liepert et al. [119]
CNS (UL) (score) Na 4.50 0.36 85 Cincinelli et al. [26]
FM (score) Na 66 52 12 66 58 6 0 6 −5 Matsura et al. [86]
WMFT (score) Na 70 31 39 Veldema et al. [44]
FM (score) Na 66 23 48 Tarri et al. [87]
MI (UL) (score) Na 100 72 16 Cincinelli et al. [88]
Grip strength (N) Na 75 62 9 Liepert et al. [89]
ARAT (score) Na 57 38 20 57 46 11 0 8 −9 Grau-Sánchez et al. [90]
FM (score) Na 66 52 12 Kemlin et al. [91]
MRC (score) (1) < 6 months 5.0 4.4 6 Schambra et al. [92]
(2) > 6 months 5.0 4.0 11
WMFT (score) (1) 1 Hz rTMS + iTBS 75 30 43 75 38 33 75 40 30 0 8 −10 0 10 −12 Wang et al. [45]
(2) iTBS + 1 Hz rTMS 75 31 42 75 35 36 75 37 34 0 4 −5 0 6 −8
(3) sham 75 31 42 75 32 40 75 31 42 0 1 −1 0 0 0
WMFT (sec) Na 0.48 1.30 46 0.43 1.20 47 0.45 1.26 47 −0.05 −0.10 1 −0.03 −0.04 1 Sawaki et al. [123]
WMFT (min) (1) 3–9 months 0.36 1.17 53 0.32 0.88 47 0.42 0.96 39 −0.04 −0.29 −6 0.06 −0.21 −14 Sawaki et al. [93]
(2) > 12 months 0.42 1.24 49 0.39 1.18 50 0.31 1.21 59 −0.03 −0.06 1 −0.11 −0.03 10
WMFT (score) Na 75 15 67 Theilig et al. [94]
FM (score) Na 66 32 35 Chervyakov et al. [95]
WMFT (score) (1) 1 Hz rTMS + iTBS 75 31 42 75 33 39 75 39 32 0 2 −3 0 8 −10 Sung et al. [96]
WMFT (score) (2) Sham rTMS + iTBS 75 31 42 75 31 42 75 33 39 0 0 0 0 2 −3
WMFT (score) (3) 1 Hz rTMS + sham iTBS 75 33 39 75 40 30 75 35 36 0 7 −8 0 2 −3
WMFT (score) (sham + sham) (4) Sham rTMS + sham iTBS 75 31 42 75 31 42 75 32 40 0 0 0 0 1 −1
NHPT (time) Na 17 19 3 Pennisi et al. [97]
B&B (score) Na 55 29 31 Borich et al. [24]
MI (UL) (score) Na 33 25 14 Bastings et al. [40]
MI (UL) (score) Na 100 57 27 Cakar et al. [23]
FM (score) Na 66 55 9 Shiner et al. [31]
MRC (score) Na 5.0 4.2 9 Braun et al. [98]
CNS (UL) (score) Na 4.5 2.2 34 Cruz-Martínez et al. [99]
MAL (score) Na 5.0 2.6 32 5.0 3.9 12 0.0 1.3 −19 Chouinard et al. [100]
FM (score) Na 66 41 23 Ackerley et al. [101]
FM (score) Na 66 45 19 Takeuchi et al. [35]
ARAT (score) Na 57 48 9 Bestmann et al. [41]
FM (score) Na 66 16 61 Stinear et al. [33]
FM (score) Na 66 36 29 66 42 22 66 45 19 0 6 −7 0 9 −10 Koski et al. [21]
ARAT (score) Na 57 42 15 57 47 10 0 4 −5 Amengual et al. [124]
ARAT (score) Na 57 51 6 Talelli et al. [102]
MAL (score) (1) CIMT 5.0 1.1 64 5.0 2.2 39 0.0 1.1 −25 Wittenberg et al. [103]
(2) Control 5.0 1.3 59 5.0 1.3 59 0.0 0.0 0
FM (score) Na 66 52 12 Milot et al. [104]
FM (score) Na 66 57 7 Guder et al. [42]
MAL (score) Na 5.0 2.2 39 5.0 3.0 25 0.0 0.8 −14 Liepert et al. [105]
WMFT (score) (1) PT 75 40 30 75 42 28 75 43 27 0 2 −2 0 3 −3 Marconi et al. [106]
(2) RMV + PT 75 38 33 75 46 24 75 53 17 0 8 -9 0 15 −16
Grip strength (N) Na 40 37 3 Thickbroom et al. [36]
FM (score) Na 66 25 45 66 33 33 66 34 32 0 8 −12 0 9 −13 Edwards et al. [20]
FM (score) Na 66 63 2 Conforto et al. [107]
FM (score) Na 66 50 14 Palmer et al. [16]
ARAT (score) Na 57 8 75 Von Lewinski et al. [108]
FM (score) Na 66 39 26 Carey et al. [109]
FM (score) Na 66 51 13 Gray et al. [110]
ARAT (score) Na 57 56 1 Kuppuswamy et al. [111]
FM (score) Na 66 46 18 Cassidy et al. [112]
ARAT (score) Na 57 54 3 57 54 3 57 54 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 Restemeyer et al. [113]
FM (score) Na 66 48 16 Mooney et al. [114]
JTHFT (min) Na 0.16 0.49 51 Buetefisch et al. [115]
FM (score) Na 66 33 33 Silverstein et al. [32]
FM (score) Na 66 52 12 Takeuchi et al. [116]
MAL (score) Na 5.0 2.2 39 5.0 3.7 15 0.0 1.5 −24 Liepert et al. [117]
FM (score) Na 66 41 23 Mang et al. [43]
FM (score) Na 66 44 20 Werhahn et al. [39]
FM (score) Na 66 30 38 Miller et al. [29]
FM (score) Na 66 58 6 Liu et al. [118]
MAL (score) Na 5.0 2.3 37 5.0 3.0 25 0.0 0.7 −12 Liepert et al. [119]
FM (score) Na 66 59 6 Liu et al. [120]
MAS (UL) (score) Na 68 46 19 Brouwer et al. [25]
FM (score) Na 60 31 32 Lewis et al. [121]
MACS (score) Na 1.0 1.8 29 Berweck et al. [122]

A, affected hand; AO, action observation; ARAT, Action Research Arm Test; B&B, Box and Block Test; CIMT, constraint induced movement therapy; CNS, Canadian Neurological Scale; CT, conventional treatment; FAT, Frenchay Arm Test; FM, Flugl Meyer assessment; Hz, hertz; iTBS, intermittent theta burst stimulation; JTHFT, Jebsen Taylor Hand Function Test; LQ, laterality quotient; MACS, Manual Ability Classification System; MAL, Motor Activity Log; MAS, Motor Assessment Scale; MI, Motoricity Index; min, minute; MRC, British Medical Research Council; N, Newton; NA, non affected hand; NHPT, Nine Hole Peg Test; NIHSS, National Institutes of Helth Stroke Scale; NMES, neuromuscular electrical stimulation; PT, physiotherapy; RMA, Rivermead Motor Assessment; RMV, repeated muscle vibration; rTMS, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation; sec, second; SSS, Scandinavian Stroke Scale; TBS, theta burst stimulation; tDCS, transcranial direct current stimulation; UL, upper limb; VRT, virtual reality training; WMFT, Wolf Motor Function Test