TABLE 2.

Multilevel mixed-effects binary logistic regression on the associations between weekly energy drink consumption and background factors, individual resources and family factors, among 13- and 15-year-olds (Health Behaviour in School-aged Children, Finland, 2014 and 2018).

		Model 1 (13-year-olds a ) n = 3217			Model 2 (15-year-olds b ) n = 3197
		OR	95% CI	p	OR	95% CI	p
Gender	Girl	1.00			1.00
	Boy	2.39	[1.91–2.98]	<0.001	2.71	[2.21–3.32]	<0.001
Survey year	2014	1.00			1.00
	2018	1.54	[1.13–2.09]	<0.01	1.93	[1.56–2.39]	<0.001
Place of residence	Urban	1.00			1.00
	Rural	1.04	[0.81–1.33]	0.79	0.99	[0.81–1.24]	0.99
Geographical region	Capital city area	1.00			1.00
	Southern Finland	1.39	[0.87–2.23]	0.17	0.85	[0.60–1.21]	0.38
	Central Finland	1.67	[1.04–2.68]	0.04	1.12	[0.78–1.61]	0.54
	Northern Finland	1.71	[0.98–2.98]	0.06	1.08	[0.70–1.65]	0.74
Family affluence	High	1.00			1.00
	Medium	0.83	[0.65–1.05]	0.11	0.79	[0.64–0.98]	0.04
	Low	0.85	[0.59–1.23]	0.40	0.72	[0.51–1.02]	0.07
Parental monitoring	High	1.00			1.00
	Medium	1.65	[1.22–2.22]	<0.01	1.26	[0.98–1.63]	0.07
	Low	5.71	[4.25–7.67]	<0.001	2.24	[1.75–2.88]	<0.001
School achievement	High	1.00			1.00
	Medium	2.71	[1.96–3.75]	<0.001	2.57	[1.87–3.53]	<0.001
	Low	5.46	[3.66–8.16]	<0.001	4.58	[3.13–6.71]	<0.001
Health literacy	High	1.00			1.00
	Medium	1.07	[0.82–1.39]	0.63	1.26	[1.01–1.56]	0.04
	Low	1.75	[1.22–2.49]	<0.01	1.52	[1.07–2.16]	0.02
Educational aspiration c	Academic				1.00
	Non-academic				1.88	[1.50–2.36]	<0.001

OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.

^a School effect p<0.001, variance proportion coefficient: 0.118.

^b School effect p=0.12, variance proportion coefficient: 0.0169.

^c In both 2014 and 2018, educational aspiration was included in the survey only for 15-year-olds.