Table 1.
Summary of Study Characteristics and Associated Numbers of Dropouts (DOs), Adverse Events (AEs), and DOs for Which the Reason Could Be Considered a Harma
| Study (year) | Country | Inclusion Criteria | Sample Size | Ageb | No. (%) Women | Group | Intervention Descriptionc | AE Statement | No. of AEsd | No. of DOs | No. of DOs for Which a Reason Could Be Considered a Harm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bearne et al22 (2011) | England | Clinical diagnosis of HOA based on ACR criteria | 24 | 65.0 (52-76)e | 15 (62.5) | Exercise | 5-wk progressive strength, aerobic, flexibility, and balance program with full physical therapist supervision; prescribed 2 times/wk for 45 min at an unspecified intensity | No statement provided | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| 24 | 67.0 (53-78)e | 19 (79.2) | Usual care | Routine management prescribed by general practitioner | 0 | 6 | 0 | ||||
| Bennell et al23 (2018) | Australia | Clinical diagnosis of HOA based on ACR criteria | 67 | 61.2 (7.2) | 45 (67.2) | Pain-coping skills training | 16-wk progressive strength and flexibility program with partial physical therapist supervision; prescribed 3 times/wk for 30 min at an individualized, RPE-based intensity; HOA education and pain-coping skills training provided | AE statement, definition, and severity provided | 15 | 2 | 0 |
| 70 | 61.3 (7.1) | 37 (52.9) | Comparison | Same exercise protocol as described above except that no pain-coping skills training was provided | 16 | 5 | 0 | ||||
| Bieler et al28 (2017) | Denmark | Clinical diagnosis of HOA based on ACR criteria | 42 | 70.0 (6.3) | 33 (78.6) | Nordic walking | 16-wk progressive Nordic walking program with partial physical therapist supervision; prescribed 3 times/wk for 60 min at a moderate intensity (12-14 RPE) | No statement provided | 0 | 7 | 2 |
| 49 | 69.6 (5.4) | 34 (69.4) | Strength training | 16-wk progressive strength program with partial physical therapist supervision; prescribed 3 times/wk for 60 min at 75% 1RM | 0 | 1 | 0 | ||||
| 52 | 69.3 (6.4) | 36 (69.2) | Home-based exercise | 16-wk unsupervised home-based program including hip range of motion, stretching, and strengthening exercises with unspecified prescription details | 0 | 9 | 7 | ||||
| Fernandes et al29 (2010) | Norway | Hip pain for >3 mo; radiographic presence of HOA; Harris Hip Score of 60-95 | 55 | 58.4 (10.0) | 31 (56.4) | Exercise + education | 12-wk progressive strength and flexibility program with partial physical therapist supervision; prescribed 2 or 3 times/wk for an unspecified duration at 70%-80% 1RM; HOA education provided | AE statement provided; no definition | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 54 | 57.2 (9.8) | 28 (51.9) | Education | HOA education provided | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| French et al30 (2013) | Ireland | Diagnosis of HOA based on ACR clinical and radiographic criteria | 66 | 62.4 (9.1) | 44 (66.7) | Exercise | 8-wk progressive strength, aerobic, and flexibility program with partial supervision; supervised and home-based exercises were prescribed 1 or 2 times/wk and daily, respectively, for 30 min at an unspecified intensity | No statement provided | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| 65 | 61.4 (10.8) | 40 (61.5) | Exercise + manual therapy | 6-8 physical therapist sessions over 8 wk, including exercise program described above + up to 15 min of ≤5 manual therapy techniques | 0 | 5 | 0 | ||||
| Fukumoto et al31 (2014) | Japan | Bilateral or unilateral HOA; unspecified classification criteria | 23 | 52.4 (9.2) | 23 (100.0) | High-velocity exercise | 8-wk progressive strength program with partial physical therapist supervision; prescribed daily for an unspecified duration at a “somewhat hard” intensity; the concentric phase of exercise was performed as fast as possible | No statement provided | 0 | 4 | 2 |
| 23 | 52.5 (10.1) | 23 (100.0) | Low-velocity exercise | Same as described above, except that the concentric phase of exercise was performed for 3 s | 0 | 3 | 0 | ||||
| Gocen et al32 (2004) | Turkey | Patients scheduled for THA | 30 | 46.9 (11.5) | 13 (43.3) | Exercise | 8-wk strength and flexibility program with partial physical therapist supervision; prescribed daily for an unspecified duration at an unspecified intensity | No statement provided | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 30 | 55.5 (14.4) | 8 (26.6) | Control | No exercise or education provided | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Hermann et al33 (2016) | Denmark | Patients scheduled for THA | 39 | 70.0 (7.7) | 27 (69.2) | Exercise | 10-wk progressive strength program with full physical therapist supervision; prescribed 2 times/wk for 60 min at moderate to high intensity | AE statement and definition provided | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| 40 | 70.8 (7.5) | 25 (62.5) | Control | Usual care, including a handout recommending low-intensity, home-based training with unspecified exercises or prescription details | 0 | 2 | 0 | ||||
| Hoeksma et al34 (2004) | The Netherlands | Clinical diagnosis of HOA based on ACR criteria | 53 | 71.0 (6.0) | 38 (71.7) | Exercise | 5-wk strength, aerobic, and flexibility program with full physical therapist supervision; prescribed 2 times/wk for 25 min at an unspecified intensity | AE statement provided; unclear definition | 0 | 3 | 2 |
| 56 | 72.0 (7.0) | 38 (67.9) | Manual therapy | 5-wk stretching, traction, and traction manipulation program performed 2 times/wk | 0 | 3 | 3 | ||||
| Østerås et al35 (2017) | Norway | Hip pain for >3 mo and radiographic presence of HOA | 16 | 62.8 (7.2) | 11 (68.8) | High-dose exercise | 8-wk progressive strength and aerobic program with full physical therapist supervision; prescribed 3 times/wk at 60%-80% HRmax and 12-14 RPE, respectively; high-dose strength and aerobic exercises totaled 240 repetitions/session (unspecified duration) and 40 min/session, respectively | No statement provided | 0 | 2 | 1 |
| 17 | 63.0 (10.6) | 10 (58.8) | Low-dose exercise | Same as described above, except that low-dose strength and aerobic exercises totaled 80 repetitions/session (unspecified duration) and 10-20 min/session, respectively | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Rooks et al24 (2006) | United States | Patients scheduled for THA | 32 | 65.0 (11.0) | 2 (62.5) | Exercise | 6-wk progressive strength, aerobic, and flexibility program with full physical therapist supervision; prescribed 3 times/wk for 30-60 min at a moderate intensity | AE statement provided; no definition | 0 | 4 | 0 |
| 31 | 59.0 (7.0) | 16 (51.6) | Education | No exercise; preoperative education provided | 0 | 5 | 0 | ||||
| Shrier et al25 (2008) | Canada | Patients scheduled for THA | 19 | 65.1 (8.0)f | 7 (87.5)f | Exercise | 8-wk progressive strength and balance program with partial supervision; prescribed daily for 10-20 min at an unspecified intensity | No statement provided | 0 | 11 | 0 |
| 17 | 65.6 (10.7)f | 4 (57.1)f | Control | No intervention provided | 0 | 10 | 0 | ||||
| Tak et al26 (2005) | The Netherlands | Clinical diagnosis of HOA; unspecified classification criteria | 55 | 67.4 (7.6) | 29 (64.0) | Exercise | 8-wk progressive strength and aerobic program with partial physical therapist supervision; prescribed 1 time/wk for 60 min at an unspecified intensity | No statement provided | 0 | 10 | 2 |
| 54 | 68.9 | 35 (71.0)f | Control | No intervention provided except for self-initiated contact with a general practitioner | 0 | 5 | 0 | ||||
| Thompson et al27 (2020) | United States | Radiographic evidence of HOA | 28 | 59.7 (8.2) | 9 (32.1) | Exercise | 12-wk progressive strength, aerobic, and flexibility program with partial physical therapist supervision; prescribed daily for 60 min; intensity was unspecified for strength but was prescribed at a moderate level for aerobic exercise | AE statement and definition provided | 0 | 7 | 0 |
| 13 | 60.8 (9.1) | 7 (70.0) | Control | The wait-list control group was offered the intervention described above after the study was completed | 0 | 3 | 0 |
a ACR = American College of Radiology; HOA = hip osteoarthritis; HRmax = maximum heart rate; RPE = rating of perceived exertion; THA = total hip arthroplasty; 1RM = 1 repetition maximum.
b Reported as mean (SD) unless otherwise indicated.
c DOs and AEs were extracted between baseline and the first follow-up time point; therefore, the exercise intervention durations reported are a reflection of that time window.
d All reported AEs (n = 32) and DOs for which the reason could be considered a harm (total n = 19; exercise n = 9; comparison n = 10) were categorized as “nonserious” in level of severity.
e Reported as mean (range).
f Only baseline characteristics for “completers” were reported.