Table 2.
Risk-of-Bias Assessment of Included Randomized Trials Using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) Scoring Formata
| Study | Random Allocation | Concealed Allocation | Baseline Comparability | Participant Masked | Therapist Masked | Assessor Masked | Measures of Key Outcome (>85% Allocated) | Intention to Treat | Results Comparisons | Point Estimate Variability |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bearne et al22 (2011) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Bennell et al23 (2018) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Bieler et al28 (2017) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Fernandes et al29 (2010) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| French et al30 (2013) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Fukumoto et al31 (2014) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Gocen et al32 (2004) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Hermann et al33 (2016) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Hoeksma et al34 (2004) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Østerås et al35 (2017) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Rooks et al24 (2006) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Shrier et al25 (2008) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Tak et al26 (2005) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Thompson et al27 (2020) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
a Measures of at least 1 key outcome were obtained from more than 85% of the participants initially allocated to the groups. The PEDro score contains 11 components; the eligibility score is not calculated in the total score and therefore is not shown in the table.