Table 3.
Associations of individual lifestyle factors and the healthy lifestyle score with diabetes in participants from two communities
| Lifestyle factor | Songnan community | Youyi community | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. participants | OR (95% CI) | No. participants | OR (95% CI) | |||
| Model 1 † | Model 2 ‡ | Model 1 † | Model 2 ‡ | |||
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||||
| ≥24 | 4,242 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 2,993 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
| <24 | 2,129 | 0.51 (0.44−0.58) | 0.57 (0.50−0.65) | 2,232 | 0.67 (0.57−0.79) | 0.74 (0.63−0.88) |
| Fruit and vegetable intake (cup/day) | ||||||
| <4.5 | 3,332 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 3,608 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
| ≥4.5 | 3,039 | 0.86 (0.77−0.97) | 0.86 (0.77−0.97) | 1,617 | 0.51 (0.42−0.61) | 0.50 (0.41−0.60) |
| Smoking | ||||||
| Current or quit ≤1 year | 1,728 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 736 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
| Never or quit >1 year | 4,643 | 1.06 (0.91−1.23) | 1.08 (0.93−1.25) | 4,489 | 0.86 (0.68−1.10) | 0.85 (0.67−1.08) |
| Physical activity, MET‐min/week | ||||||
| <600 | 1,867 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1,644 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
| ≥600 | 4,504 | 0.96 (0.84−1.08) | 0.96 (0.84−1.09) | 3,581 | 1.08 (0.91−1.28) | 1.10 (0.93−1.31) |
| Sleep (h/day) | ||||||
| <6 or >8 | 3,029 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1,780 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
| 6–8 | 3,342 | 0.95 (0.85−1.07) | 0.97 (0.86−1.09) | 3,445 | 0.87 (0.74−1.03) | 0.86 (0.73−1.02) |
| Healthy lifestyle score | ||||||
| Low | 2,485 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1,697 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
| Intermediate | 2,321 | 0.80 (0.71−0.91) | 0.84 (0.74−0.96) | 1,935 | 0.75 (0.62−0.89) | 0.77 (0.64−0.93) |
| High | 1,565 | 0.62 (0.53−0.73) | 0.68 (0.58−0.80) | 1,593 | 0.52 (0.43−0.65) | 0.56 (0.45−0.68) |
BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; MET‐min/week, metabolic equivalent minutes per week; OR, odds ratio.
†
Model 1 was adjusted for age and sex.
‡
Model 2 was adjusted for age, sex, education attainment (less than high school, high school or further education), hypertension (yes, no), and dyslipidemia (yes, no).