TABLE 3.
Effect of dietary treatmentsa on the abundant bacteria phylumb during the measurement phases: 1 (P01), 2 (P02), and 3 (P03)c.
|
P01
|
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| CO | 95% CI (UL–LL) | FO | 95% CI (UL–LL) | P-val | |||||||
|
| |||||||||||
| Actinobacteria | 1.01 | (0.635–1.623) | 0.67 | (0.420–1.073) | 0.226 | ||||||
| Bacteroidetes | 40.45 | (33.032–49.542) | 52.93 | (43.219–64.821) | 0.074 | ||||||
| Cyanobacteria | 0.13 | (0.068–0.244) | 0.31 | (0.164–0.591) | 0.064 | ||||||
| Fibrobacteres | 0.01 | (0.005–0.034) | 0.40 | (0.158–1.017) | < 0.0001 | ||||||
| Firmicutes | 48.73 | (39.936–59.466) | 40.45 | (33.149–49.361) | 0.199 | ||||||
| Proteobacteria | 0.49 | (0.307–0.781) | 0.43 | (0.267–0.679) | 0.676 | ||||||
| Tenericutes | 0.29 | (0.176–0.486) | 0.89 | (0.536–1.485) | 0.005 | ||||||
| F:B d | 1.20 | (0.786–1.846) | 0.76 | (0.499–1.171) | 0.131 | ||||||
|
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|
P02
|
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| CO | 95% CI (UL–LL) | FO | 95% CI (UL–LL) | HQ | 95% CI (UL–LL) | LQ | 95% CI (UL–LL) | P-T1 | P-T2 | P-int | |
|
| |||||||||||
| Actinobacteria | 0.73 | (0.547–0.986) | 1.03 | (0.771–1.389) | 1.04 | (0.774–1.395) | 0.73 | (0.545–0.982) | 0.102 | 0.094 | 0.820 |
| Bacteroidetes | 55.23 | (51.252–59.508) | 55.46 | (51.467–59.759) | 53.59 | (49.732–57.744) | 57.15 | (53.040–61.585) | 0.935 | 0.218 | 0.627 |
| Cyanobacteria | 0.76 | (0.552–1.039) | 0.57 | (0.412–0.776) | 0.34 | (0.245–0.462) | 1.27 | (0.927–1.746) | 0.188 | < 0.0001 | 0.576 |
| Fibrobacteres | 0.57 | (0.377–0.851) | 0.53 | (0.351–0.792) | 0.22 | (0.144–0.324) | 1.38 | (0.921–2.080) | 0.798 | < 0.0001 | 0.512 |
| Firmicutes | 35.67 | (32.431–39.233) | 35.80 | (32.551–39.378) | 39.02 | (35.480–42.921) | 32.73 | (29.754–35.994) | 0.955 | 0.013 | 0.437 |
| Proteobacteria | 1.09 | (0.797–1.499) | 1.24 | (0.901–1.695) | 1.02 | (0.741–1.394) | 1.33 | (0.969–1.822) | 0.572 | 0.226 | 0.072 |
| Tenericutes | 1.79 | (1.454–2.209) | 1.49 | (1.211–1.840) | 1.56 | (1.265–1.922) | 1.72 | (1.392–2.115) | 0.212 | 0.508 | 0.728 |
| F:B d | 0.65 | (0.547–0.763) | 0.65 | (0.546–0.763) | 0.73 | (0.616–0.861) | 0.57 | (0.485–0.677) | 1.000 | 0.047 | 0.509 |
|
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|
P03
|
|||||||||||
| CO | 95% CI (UL–LL) | FO | 95% CI (UL–LL) | HQ | 95% CI (UL–LL) | LQ | 95% CI (UL–LL) | P-T1 | P-T2 | P-int | |
|
| |||||||||||
| Actinobacteria | 0.6 | (0.460–0.776) | 0.62 | (0.475–0.801) | 0.71 | (0.550–0.926) | 0.52 | (0.398–0.670) | 0.858 | 0.082 | 0.338 |
| Bacteroidetes | 54.27 | (51.198–57.522) | 53.1 | (50.092–56.279) | 53.19 | (50.178–56.376) | 54.17 | (51.110–57.423) | 0.586 | 0.646 | 0.289 |
| Cyanobacteria | 0.36 | (0.266–0.495) | 0.32 | (0.235–0.438) | 0.35 | (0.260–0.484) | 0.33 | (0.241–0.449) | 0.571 | 0.727 | 0.571 |
| Fibrobacteres | 1.01 | (0.732–1.398) | 1.1 | (0.795–1.518) | 1.04 | (0.749–1.431) | 1.07 | (0.776–1.483) | 0.712 | 0.873 | 0.686 |
| Firmicutes | 36.88 | (34.191–39.787) | 38.57 | (35.756–41.608) | 37.8 | (35.042–40.778) | 37.63 | (34.887–40.597) | 0.394 | 0.932 | 0.243 |
| Proteobacteria | 1.19 | (0.978–1.458) | 1.12 | (0.916–1.365) | 1.31 | (1.076–1.605) | 1.02 | (0.832–1.241) | 0.631 | 0.072 | 0.914 |
| Tenericutes | 2.27 | (1.975–2.613) | 2.02 | (1.756–2.324) | 2.19 | (1.902–2.516) | 2.1 | (1.824–2.413) | 0.23 | 0.663 | 0.882 |
| F:B d | 0.68 | (0.595–0.776) | 0.73 | (0.636–0.830) | 0.72 | (0.622–0.812) | 0.69 | (0.608–0.794) | 0.469 | 0.803 | 0.259 |
aDietary treatments corresponded to phase 1 (P01) concentrate (CO) vs. pasture (FO) diets and phase 2 (P02) high-quality (HQ) vs. low-quality (LQ) pastures, with measurements in P01 (9 weeks), P02 (19 weeks), and phase 3 (P03; 41 weeks) when all calves were offered a common pasture diet.
bMeasured effect corresponded to the seven most abundant ruminal bacterial phyla.
cDietary treatments in each phase were evaluated as follows: a one-way ANOVA in P01 to analyze FO vs. CO diets and a 2 × 2 factorial ANOVA in P02 and P03 to evaluate FO vs. CO and HQ vs. LQ dietary treatment effects and their interactions.
dFirmicutes: Bacteroidetes ratio.