Table 2.

Main outcomes of the study.

Primary outcome§: within-group variations in the median pain scores during and 5-minutes after IUD insertion measured using a Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale
	Group I 0.5 to 0.69-time segment of menstruation (n=53)		Group II 0.7 to 0.89-time segment of menstruation (n=67)		Group III 0.9 to 1.0-time segment of menstruation (n=72)
Procedural Step	median (IQR)	min; max	median (IQR)	min; max	median (IQR)	min; max	p-value
Before IUD insertion	0(0)	0; 2	0(0)	0; 2	0(0)	0; 2	0.736
Speculum placement	2(2)	0; 4	2(2)	0; 4	2(0)	0; 4	0.620
Tenaculum placement	4(2)	2; 6	2(2)	0; 6	4(2)	2; 8	0.445
Uterine sounding	4(2)	2; 8	4(2)	2; 8	4(2)	2; 8	0.895
IUD insertion	4(2)	0; 8	4(2)	2; 10	4(2)	0; 6	0.505
Speculum removal	0(2)	0; 4	0(2)	0; 6	0(2)	0; 4	0.911
5-minute after speculum removal	0(0)	0; 2	0(0)	0; 2	0(0)	0; 8	0.248
Secondary outcome ‡: ease of IUD insertion scores
Difficulty of IUD insertion	19 (50%)		21 (51.2%)		17 (42.5%)		0.149
Easy	14 (36.8%)		12 (29.3%)		16 (40%)
Mildly difficult	4 (10.5%)		7 (17.1%)		5 (12.5%)
Moderately difficult	1 (2.6%)		1 (2.4%)		2 (5%)
Difficult

Abbreviations: Min, minimum; Max. maximum; IQR. interquartile range; IUD. intrauterine device

The time segments during menstruation were calculated for each participant by dividing the menstrual cycle day of IUD insertion to total number of menses days.

*p<0.05 indicates statistical significance.

^§ Kruskal-Wallis test.

^‡ Multinomial logistic regression.