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. 2021 Nov 2;16(1):1182–1192. doi: 10.1515/biol-2021-0116

Figure 8.

Figure 8

Schematic showing how arecoline induces cardiac fibrosis through upregulation of the TGF-β1/Smad2/3/CTGF as well as tPA/MMP9 signaling pathways.