Table 1.
Demographic characteristics.
| Variable | Total cohort (N=5601) | Training cohort (N=5037) | Hold-out cohort (N=564) | P valuea | ||||||
|
|
Value, n (%) or mean (SD) | Missing data, % | Value, n (%) or mean (SD) | Missing data, % | Value, n (%) or mean (SD) | Missing data, % |
|
|||
| Age (years) |
|
0.0% |
|
0.0% |
|
0.0% | .41 | |||
|
|
0-9 | 66 (1.2%) |
|
61 (1.2%) |
|
5 (0.9%) |
|
|
||
|
|
10-19 | 205 (3.7%) |
|
185 (3.7%) |
|
20 (3.6%) |
|
|
||
|
|
20-29 | 1110 (19.8%) |
|
988 (19.6%) |
|
122 (21.6%) |
|
|
||
|
|
30-39 | 564 (10.1%) |
|
513 (10.2%) |
|
51 (9.0%) |
|
|
||
|
|
40-49 | 739 (13.2%) |
|
652 (12.9%) |
|
87 (15.4%) |
|
|
||
|
|
50-59 | 1141 (20.4%) |
|
1039 (20.6%) |
|
102 (18.1%) |
|
|
||
|
|
60-69 | 907 (16.2%) |
|
809 (16.1%) |
|
98 (17.4%) |
|
|
||
|
|
70-79 | 545 (9.7%) |
|
495 (9.8%) |
|
50 (8.9%) |
|
|
||
|
|
≥80 | 324 (5.8%) |
|
295 (5.9%) |
|
29 (5.1%) |
|
|
||
| Sex (male) | 2310 (41.2%) | 0.0% | 2073 (41.2%) | 0.0% | 237 (42.0%) | 0.0% | .73 | |||
| BMI (kg/m2) |
|
21.4% |
|
21.5% |
|
20.9% | .65 | |||
|
|
<18.5 | 259 (4.6%) |
|
236 (4.7%) |
|
23 (4.1%) |
|
|
||
|
|
18.5-22.9 | 1854 (33.1%) |
|
1666 (33.1%) |
|
188 (33.3%) |
|
|
||
|
|
23.0-24.9 | 1035 (18.5%) |
|
929 (18.4%) |
|
106 (18.8%) |
|
|
||
|
|
25.0-29.9 | 1045 (18.7%) |
|
938 (18.6%) |
|
107 (19.0%) |
|
|
||
|
|
≥30 | 207 (3.7%) |
|
185 (3.7%) |
|
22 (3.9%) |
|
|
||
| Medical history |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Diabetes mellitus | 688 (12.3%) | 0.1% | 620 (12.3%) | 0.1% | 68 (12.1%) | 0.0% | .92 | ||
|
|
Hypertension | 1198 (21.4%) | 0.1% | 1087 (21.6%) | 0.1% | 111 (19.7%) | 0.0% | .32 | ||
|
|
Heart failure | 59 (1.1%) | 0.1% | 52 (1.0%) | 0.1% | 7 (1.2%) | 0.0% | .81 | ||
|
|
Cardiovascular disease | 179 (3.2%) | 0.3% | 156 (3.1%) | 0.3% | 23 (4.1%) | 0.4% | .26 | ||
|
|
Asthma | 128 (2.3%) | 0.1% | 118 (2.3%) | 0.1% | 10 (1.8%) | 0.0% | .48 | ||
|
|
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 40 (0.7%) | 0.1% | 38 (0.8%) | 0.1% | 2 (0.4%) | 0.0% | .43 | ||
|
|
Chronic kidney disease | 55 (1.0%) | 0.1% | 48 (1.0%) | 0.1% | 7 (1.2%) | 0.0% | .67 | ||
|
|
Malignancy | 145 (2.6%) | 0.1% | 134 (2.7%) | 0.1% | 11 (2.0%) | 0.0% | .39 | ||
|
|
Chronic liver disease | 83 (1.6%) | 5.8% | 75 (1.6%) | 5.7% | 8 (1.5%) | 6.7% | >.99 | ||
|
|
Autoimmune disease | 38 (0.7%) | 5.9% | 32 (0.7%) | 5.8% | 6 (1.1%) | 6.9% | .37 | ||
|
|
Dementia | 224 (4.2%) | 5.9% | 203 (4.3%) | 5.8% | 21 (3.7%) | 6.7% | .81 | ||
aDifferences between groups were analyzed using the Welch t test for continuous variables, the Mann-Whitney U test for ordinal variables, the chi-square test for categorical variables with frequencies above 5, and the Fisher exact test for categorical variables with frequencies below 5. Two-sided P values are reported.