Table 2.
Impact on study hospital budget
| Cost in € 2020 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Items | ER cohort* | SARS-CoV-2-positive cohort | SARS-CoV-2-negative cohort |
| Diagnostic tests | |||
| RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 | 47,855.80 | 25,673.99 | 20,888,41 |
| Complete blood count | – | 3745.74 | 1949,48 |
| Laboratory test† | 19,075.58 | 10,745.74 | 5574.59 |
| Coagulation† | – | 25,264.79 | 13,130.77 |
| Microbiology‡ | – | 169.44 | 1279.36 |
| Blood gas analysis | – | 12,287.42 | 6606.97 |
| D dimer | – | 8620.25 | 4255.46 |
| C-reactive protein | – | 7481.50 | 3861.00 |
| Ferritin | – | 5758.36 | 3173.56 |
| Procalcitonin | – | 21,370.62 | 12,017.19 |
| Troponin | – | 12,613.64 | 6835.14 |
| Interleukin 6 | 327.00 | 1918.40 | |
| ICU tests | – | 43,775.00 | 0.00 |
| Total test costs | 66,931.38 | 177,359.34 | 81,490.33 |
| Drugs | |||
| Antivirals | – | 10,034.86 | 691.36 |
| Corticosteroids | – | 1007.80 | 192.20 |
| Tocilizumab | – | 27,212.75 | 0.00 |
| Others, anti-inflammatory | – | 5115.51 | 53.44 |
| Low-molecular-weight heparins | – | 6272.06 | 1123.29 |
| Antibiotics§ | – | 2868.16 | 1795.92 |
| Mucolytics | – | 383.74 | 81.40 |
| ACE inhibitors/ARBs | 64.10 | 18.99 | |
| Beta-blockers | – | 29.21 | 8.95 |
| Calcium antagonists | – | 19.88 | 4.38 |
| Alpha-blockers | – | 19.08 | 6.84 |
| Diuretics | – | 7.92 | 1.74 |
| Statins | – | 19.76 | 5.37 |
| Proton pump inhibitors | – | 285.22 | 87.36 |
| Analgesics | – | 219.10 | 44.15 |
| Antithrombotics | – | 0 | 195.52 |
| Drugs in ICU | – | 30,519.30 | 0.00 |
| Total drug costs | 0.00 | 84,078.45 | 4310.91 |
| Imaging tests | |||
| Chest X-ray, portable | 36,533.58 | 73,108.77 | 26,880.06 |
| Computed tomography angiography | 0.00 | 53,095.50 | 84,952.80 |
| Total imaging costs | 36,533.58 | 126,204.27 | 111,832.86 |
| Hospitalization | |||
| Medical visits | – | 5,933,775.37 | 1951,26 |
| Nursing hours | – | 6,095,260.01 | 2004,36 |
| ER stays | 166,492,90 | – | – |
| Hospitalization stays | – | 1,570,847.58 | 350,648.36 |
| Medical visits, ICU | – | 103,660.58 | 0.00 |
| Nursing hours, ICU | – | 255,555.95 | 0.00 |
| ICU stays§§ | – | 464,198.60 | 0.00 |
| Total hospitalization costs | 166,492,90 | 14,423,298.09 | 354,648.36 |
| TOTAL | |||
| TOTAL cost | 269,957.86 | 14,810,940.15 | 552,282.36 |
| Cost / patient | 307.47 | 58,310.79 | 1709.85 |
ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARBs, angiotensin II receptor blockers; ICU, intensive care unit; RT-PCR, real-time polymerase chain reaction; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
* Emergency room blood tests include complete blood count, biochemical profile, and coagulation test. Drugs are included as general care costs in the ER
** Includes glycemia, cholesterol, triglycerides, potassium, sodium, albumin, total protein, GPT, GOT, GGT, CPK, LDH, calcium, magnesium, phosphate, transferrin, creatinine, urea, and bilirubin
† Includes: prothrombin time, APTT, and fibrinogen
‡ Includes blood culture, sputum culture, and tests for respiratory viruses (adenovirus, coronavirus, Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome, metapneumovirus, rhinovirus, enterovirus, influenza A, influenza B, parainfluenza, respiratory syncytial virus, Bordetella pertussis, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae)
§ Includes amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, vancomycin, ceftriaxone, linezolid, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, ciprofloxacin, piperacillin/tazobactam, imipenem, meropenem, ertapenem, daptomycin, and ceftoriden
§§ In the ICU, daily blood test and blood gas analysis