Figure 3.

Pathobiont detection methods (A-E). A. Biopsy and fecal samples are used for DNA isolation, followed by PCR amplification; B-E. FACS, MALDI-ToF and multi-omics technologies such as genomics, transcriptomics proteomics, metabolomics, and microbiomics are used for real time monitoring of pathobionts and their metabolites. Dysbiotic pathobiont promote bacterial translocation to liver via intestinal epithelial cell barrier dysfunction and mesenteric lymph nodes. FACS, fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Illustrations were made using Biorender tool