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. 2021 Nov 2;64(6):E578–E587. doi: 10.1503/cjs.014420

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

As participants waited for surgery, they experienced fear, anxiety and isolation, and perceived deterioration of their mental and physical states. Actively engaging patients in the recovery process by preparing for surgery might alleviate some of the anxiety and fear associated with waiting passively for surgery.