A–C, blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) changes in wild-type and TRPV1-null mice in response to intravenous (I.V.) infusion (20 s) of capsaicin (n = 4–7, unpaired t test, ***P < 0.001). Mean arterial pressure (MAP) is shown in red. D and E, mean changes in systolic BP, diastolic BP, MAP and HR in rats during bolus i.v. capsaicin (n = 6, one-way ANOVA, *P=0.0475,**P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001). F, nuclear LacZ staining in L5 dorsal root ganglion (section and whole ganglion) and arteries from mice with or without neonatal RTX treatment. G, mean eye-wipes in response to buffer (n = 5), or capsaicin in control (n = 5) and nerve-ablated rats (n = 14, one-way ANOVA, ***P < 0.001). H and I, BP responses to i.v. capsaicin in sensory nerve ablated mice (n = 5, unpaired t test, ***P < 0.001) and J, rats (n = 4, unpaired t test, ***P < 0.001). K, change in BP in conscious mice (nerve ablated) in response to i.v. administration (20 s) of capsaicin (n = 5, unpaired t test, ***P < 0.001).