Chronic social stress impaired the spermatogenesis function of male mice (A) Comparison of the body weights of different groups before and after the chronic stress paradigm (n=15 mice for each group, *** p<0.001; n.s., no significant difference). (B) Representative images of the thymus glands of different groups and comparison of the thymus gland weight of different groups (n=15 mice for each group, *** p<0.001). (C–D) Comparison of the testis and cauda epididymis of different groups. Representative images of the testes of different groups. Comparison of the organ coefficient of testis and cauda epididymis of different groups (n=15 mice for each group, ** p<0.01; * p<0.05). (E) Comparison of the sperm counts of different groups (n=15 mice for each group, *** p<0.001). (F) Comparison of the sperm abnormalities in different groups (n=8 mice for each group, *** p<0.001). (G) Representative examples of HE stained testis sections.