Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of the Fallers and Non-Fallers
| Fallers (n = 2499) | Non-Fallers (n = 199,201) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (y) | 59.6 ± 17.5 | 53.1 ± 17.0 | <0.001 |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 908 (36.3) | 93,059 (46.7) | <0.001 |
| Female | 1591 (63.7) | 106,142 (53.3) | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.7 ± 3.5 | 23.7 ± 3.4 | 0.897 |
| Residence area | |||
| Urban | 1367 (54.7) | 117,460 (59.0) | <0.001 |
| Rural | 1132 (45.3) | 81,741 (41.0) | |
| Education | <0.001 | ||
| Elementary school or lower | 899 (36.0) | 40,651 (20.4) | |
| Middle school | 373 (14.9) | 23,069 (11.6) | |
| High school | 597 (23.9) | 59,688 (30.0) | |
| College or higher | 630 (25.2) | 75,793 (38.0) | |
| Marital status | <0.001 | ||
| Married (living with spouse) | 1529 (61.2) | 137,046 (68.8) | |
| Living alone (never married, separated, divorced, widowed) |
970 (38.8) | 62,155 (31.2) | |
| Employment status | <0.001 | ||
| Employed | 1276 (51.1) | 126,565 (63.5) | |
| Unemployed | 1223 (48.9) | 72,636 (36.5) | |
| Household income | <0.001 | ||
| Low | 1000 (40.0) | 52,147 (26.2) | |
| Middle low | 693 (27.7) | 56,522 (28.4) | |
| Middle high | 490 (19.6) | 55,917 (28.1) | |
| High | 316 (12.6) | 34,615 (17.4) | |
| Smoking | 0.004 | ||
| Current smoker | 399 (16.0) | 35,925 (18.0) | |
| Non-smoker, ex-smoker | 2100 (84.0) | 163,276 (82.0) | |
| Risky drinker | <0.001 | ||
| Yes | 571 (22.8) | 55,618 (27.9) | |
| No | 1928 (77.2) | 143,583 (72.1) | |
| Regular exercise | <0.001 | ||
| Yes | 1016 (40.7) | 90,471 (45.4) | |
| No | 1483 (59.3) | 108,730 (54.6) | |
| Hypertension | <0.001 | ||
| Yes | 900 (36.0) | 53,032 (26.6) | |
| No | 1599 (64.0) | 146,169 (73.4) | |
| Diabetes mellitus | <0.001 | ||
| Yes | 384 (15.4) | 21,154 (10.6) | |
| No | 2115 (84.6) | 178,047 (89.4) | |
| Subjective cognitive decline | <0.001 | ||
| Yes | 681 (27.3) | 34,860 (17.5) | |
| No | 1818 (72.7) | 164,341 (82.5) | |
| Perceived stress | <0.001 | ||
| Yes | 677 (27.1) | 46,602 (23.4) | |
| No | 1822 (72.9) | 152,599 (76.6) | |
| Perceived health status | <0.001 | ||
| Good | 596 (23.8) | 72,736 (36.5) | |
| Moderate | 1030 (41.2) | 90,015 (45.2) | |
| Bad | 873 (34.9) | 36,450 (18.3) | |
| PHQ-9 global score | 3.4 ± 4.3 | 2.1 ± 3.1 | <0.001 |
| Depression | <0.001 | ||
| Yes (PHQ9 score ≥ 10) | 209 (8.4) | 6709 (3.4) | |
| No (PHQ9 score 0–9) | 2290 (91.6) | 192,492 (96.6) |
Note: Data are presented as number (percent) or mean ± standard deviation.
Abbreviation: PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire-9.