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. 2021 Nov 4;36(1):153–169. doi: 10.1007/s11269-021-03018-8

Table 2.

Regression Results, Marginal Effects

(1) (2) (3) (4)
ME Std Err. ME Std Err. ME Std Err. ME Std Err.
Capacity
ln(# service connections), 2005 0.027 *** 0.007 0.024 *** 0.007 0.031 *** 0.007 0.027 *** 0.007
% Unmetered service connections -0.546 *** 0.069 -0.509 *** 0.070 -0.577 *** 0.070 -0.514 *** 0.070
ln(Median household income) 0.223 *** 0.029 0.196 *** 0.031
Motivation
Governance: Special district 0.050 ** 0.020 0.051 *** 0.020 0.059 *** 0.020 0.060 *** 0.020
Governance: Private owner 0.011 0.026 0.008 0.027 -0.002 0.027 -0.003 0.027
South-of-Delta water importer 0.064 *** 0.020 0.043 ** 0.020
# Customer complaints per connection 3.387 *** 0.929 3.192 *** 0.926 3.477 *** 0.949 3.159 *** 0.940
% Neighbors with PCWRa 0.204 *** 0.077 0.326 *** 0.075
External
Avg. annual max. temperature, °C 0.0003 0.002 0.001 0.002 -0.002 0.002 0.000 0.002
Year fixed effects Yes Yes Yes Yes
Log likelihood -1,477 -1,473 -1,500 -1,490
LR χ2 338 345 293 311
Prob> χ2 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
McFadden's R2 0.103 0.105 0.089 0.095
N 2,584 2,584 2,584 2,584
# Community Water Systems 323 323 323 323

Delta method standard errors are reported for marginal effects

The dependent variable in all models is an indicator for having a PCWR; the unit of analysis is the utility-year

Delta method standard errors are reported

** Statistically significant at the 5% level; *** Statistically significant at the 1% level

aRepresents % Neighbors with PCWR in each of the eight hydrologic regions in a given year