Table 1.
Characteristics of the study samples.
| Characteristic | Total | Men | Women | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 639 | 321 | 318 | — |
| Age (yr) | 68.51 ± 8.09 | 68.78 ± 8.52 | 68.25 ± 7.63 | 0.405 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.00 ± 3.54 | 24.76 ± 3.20 | 25.24 ± 3.84 | 0.094 |
| Smokers (%) | 20.6 | 39.8 | 1.3 | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.30 (1.70) | 7.30 (1.60) | 7.20 (1.70) | 0.167 |
| Thyroid parameters | ||||
| TSH (mIU/L) | 2.42 (1.89) | 2.29 (1.66) | 2.69 (2.06) | 0.002 |
| FT3 (pmol/L) | 4.56 ± 0.56 | 4.65 ± 0.58 | 4.67 ± 0.53 | <0.001 |
| FT4 (pmol/L) | 16.29 ± 2.13 | 16.44 ± 2.07 | 16.13 ± 2.18 | 0.068 |
| T3 (nmol/L) | 1.61 ± 0.28 | 1.61 ± 0.29 | 1.62 ± 0.26 | 0.579 |
| T4 (nmol/L) | 97.43 ± 17.36 | 95.20 ± 16.91 | 99.69 ± 17.55 | 0.001 |
| TPOAb (+) (%) | 6.1 | 4.4 | 7.9 | 0.065 |
| TgAb (+) (%) | 4.2 | 0.6 | 7.9 | <0.001 |
| TPOAb and/or TgAb (+) (%) | 8.5 | 4.4 | 12.6 | <0.001 |
| Thyroid homeostasis parameters | ||||
| SPINA-GD (nmol/s) | 15.45 ± 3.06 | 15.24 ± 3.06 | 15.67 ± 3.04 | 0.077 |
| SPINA-GT (pmol/s) | 2.24 (1.12) | 2.29 (1.13) | 2.21 (1.11) | 0.556 |
| TSHI | 3.06 ± 0.59 | 3.02 ± 0.58 | 3.10 ± 0.61 | 0.092 |
| TTSI | 181.21 (128.58) | 175.01 (119.47) | 195.95 (140.20) | 0.009 |
| Non-DEHP metabolites | ||||
| MMP (μg/g) | 7.17 (7.93) | 7.52 (8.00) | 6.99 (7.82) | 0.342 |
| MEP (μg/g) | 24.00 (45.86) | 21.55 (35.85) | 27.04 (59.34) | 0.001 |
| MiBP (μg/g) | 86.04 (85.49) | 79.00 (80.36) | 93.39 (91.23) | 0.002 |
| MnBP (μg/g) | 142.70 (173.46) | 129.61 (148.31) | 165.12 (200.56) | 0.002 |
| MBzP (μg/g) | 0.92 (1.28) | 0.83 (1.33) | 1.03 (1.24) | 0.019 |
| MCPP (μg/g) | 3.94 (8.42) | 3.47 (8.65) | 4.44 (8.54) | 0.005 |
| MiNP (μg/g) | 13.33 (14.20) | 12.07 (12.18) | 14.99 (17.09) | 0.005 |
| MCHP (μg/g) | 0.05 (0.32) | 0.06 (0.31) | 0.04 (0.32) | 0.946 |
| DEHP metabolites | ||||
| MEHP (μg/g) | 4.02 (8.37) | 4.66 (8.28) | 3.54 (8.51) | 0.236 |
| MECPP (μg/g) | 32.29 (34.83) | 29.51 (30.10) | 34.40 (39.73) | 0.003 |
| MEHHP (μg/g) | 24.41 (28.01) | 22.33 (24.69) | 27.27 (34.25) | <0.001 |
| MEOHP (μg/g) | 12.57 (14.07) | 11.15 (11.75) | 14.00 (16.92) | 0.01 |
| MCMHP (μg/g) | 9.65 (11.70) | 8.67 (11.02) | 11.34 (12.68) | <0.001 |
Data are summarized as the median (interquartile range) or the mean ± standard deviation for continuous variables or a proportion for categorical variables. Normally distributed continuous variables are compared using Student's t-test. The Mann–Whitney U test is used for nonnormally distributed continuous variables. The Pearson chi-squared test is used for dichotomous variables.