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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Trends Cell Biol. 2021 Mar 2;31(8):656–670. doi: 10.1016/j.tcb.2021.02.005

Figure 1. Crosstalk between peroxisomes and other organelles.

Figure 1.

Peroxisomal biogenesis and functions involves inter-organelle communication. De novo formation of peroxisomes involves fusion of precursor vesicles derived from the ER and mitochondria. Peroxisomes closely interact and exchange lipids with lipid droplets. Synthesis of ether lipids, such as plasmalogens, initiates in peroxisomes but is completed in the ER. The ER-peroxisome metabolite exchange may be assisted by the bridge formed by the membrane proteins VAPA, VAPB and ACBD5. Peroxisomes are also closely associated with mitochondria. Peroxisome-derived plasmalogens are found in mitochondrial membranes and may be involved in mitochondrial dynamics. Mitochondria help to further oxidize chain-shortened fatty acids produced by peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation. Peroxisomes also interact with lysosomes through the membrane protein Syt7, which promotes transfer of free cholesterol from lysosomes to peroxisomes. Abbreviations: ER, endoplasmic reticulum; VAPA and VAPB, VAMP-associated proteins A and B; ACBD5, acyl-CoA binding domain containing protein 5; Syt7, synaptotagmin 7.