Figure 2.

LNP-adjuvanted HA mRNA and protein subunit vaccines induce robust antigen-specific Tfh cell and GC B cell responses

BALB/c mice received a single IM immunization with PR8 HA mRNA-LNP or rHA mixed with eLNP or AddaVax as described in Figure 1. Tfh and GC B cell responses were examined at day 12 in dLNs by flow cytometry.

(A and B) Tfh cell (CD4⁺B220⁻CD44^hiCD62L⁻Bcl6⁺CXCR5⁺) representative gating strategy (A) and percentages and absolute numbers (B).

(C and D) HA-specific Tfh cell (HA-MHC class II tetramer⁺ Tfh cells) representative flow cytometry (C) and percentages and absolute numbers (D).

(E and F) GC B cell (CD4/CD8⁻CD19⁺FAS⁺GL7⁺) representative flow cytometry (E) and percentages and absolute numbers (F).

n = 7–9 mice/group. Data were combined from three independent experiments. Symbols represent individual animals. Data shown are mean + SEM. Statistical analysis: unpaired two-tailed Mann-Whitney U test was conducted. ^∗p ≤ 0.05, ^∗∗p ≤ 0.01, ^∗∗∗p ≤ 0.001, ^∗∗∗∗p ≤ 0.0001. See also Figures S2 and S3.