Table1.
The weighted demographic characteristics of study participants.
| Characteristics | Male | Female | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 41.27 ± 13.53 | 44.20 ± 13.85 | 0.0020 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.71 ± 5.69 | 28.98 ± 6.88 | 0.5383 |
| Low-frequency PTA (dB)a | 9.56 ± 8.25 | 9.43 ± 8.28 | 0.8138 |
| High-frequency PTA (dB)b | 21.61 ± 17.38 | 14.23 ± 11.11 | < 0.0001 |
| Race/ethnicity (%) | 0.0502 | ||
| Mexican American | 7.53 | 8.18 | |
| Non-Hispanic White | 62.61 | 68.98 | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 10.97 | 10.74 | |
| Other races | 18.89 | 12.10 | |
| Education level (%) | 0.0654 | ||
| Below high school | 16.19 | 12.88 | |
| High school | 20.32 | 16.10 | |
| Above high school | 63.49 | 71.01 | |
| PIR (%) | 0.6766 | ||
| < 1 | 19.02 | 15.81 | |
| ≥ 1, < 5 | 54.29 | 56.59 | |
| ≥ 5 | 21.79 | 22.64 | |
| Diabetes (%) | 7.06 | 7.11 | 0.9022 |
| Hypertension (%) | 28.86 | 25.52 | 0.3979 |
| Serum cotinine (≥ 10 ng/mL) (%) | 31.30 | 18.47 | < 0.0001 |
| Firearm noise exposure (%) | 58.44 | 27.96 | < 0.0001 |
| Occupational noise exposure (%) | 43.63 | 22.44 | < 0.0001 |
| Recreational noise exposure (%) | 18.75 | 10.05 | 0.0003 |
| Low-frequency hearing loss (%) | 5.08 | 6.10 | 0.5180 |
| High-frequency hearing loss (%) | 31.81 | 15.14 | < 0.0001 |
Values are weighted means ± SD for: age, BMI, low-frequency PTA, high-frequency PTA. P value was calculated by weighted linear regression model. % for: race/ethnicity, education level, PIR, diabetes, hypertension, serum cotinine, firearm noise exposure, occupational noise exposure, recreational noise exposure, low-frequency hearing loss, high-frequency hearing loss. P value was calculated by weighted chi-square test. Created by EmpowerStats (www.empowerstats.com) and R.
aMean PTA at 0.5, 1, and 2 kHz of both ears.
bMean PTA at 3, 4, 6 kHz of both ears.