Table 3.
Association between urinary caffeine metabolites and hearing threshold at low and high frequencies.
| Variables (umol/L) | Low-frequency PTA (dB) β (95% CI) Ptrend | High-frequency PTA (dB) β (95% CI) Ptrend | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude Model | Model 1 | Model 2 | Crude Model | Model 1 | Model 2 | |
| 3U | 0.13 (− 0.56, 0.82) | − 0.43 (− 1.06, 0.20) | − 0.17 (− 0.78, 0.44) | 1.01 (− 0.23, 2.25) | 0.07 (− 0.92, 1.06) | 0.02 (− 0.96, 1.00) |
| 0.7149 | 0.1839 | 0.5892 | 0.1107 | 0.8867 | 0.9680 | |
| 7U | 0.17 (− 0.51, 0.85) | − 0.16 (− 0.78, 0.46) | 0.01 (− 0.58, 0.61) | 0.78 (− 0.44, 2.00) | 0.32 (− 0.65, 1.28) | 0.14 (− 0.81, 1.09) |
| 0.6202 | 0.6058 | 0.9662 | 0.2101 | 0.5230 | 0.7742 | |
| 137U | 1.63 (0.36, 2.90) | 0.36 (− 0.30, 1.01) | 0.75 (0.12, 1.37) | 1.63 (0.36, 2.90) | 0.56 (− 0.46, 1.58) | 0.78 (− 0.22, 1.77) |
| 0.0120 | 0.2878 | 0.0192 | 0.0120 | 0.2815 | 0.1253 | |
| 17X | 0.47 (− 0.22, 1.16) | − 0.13 (− 0.75, 0.49) | − 0.05 (− 0.66, 0.56) | 1.87 (0.65, 3.09) | 0.59 (− 0.38, 1.57) | 0.68 (− 0.28, 1.65) |
| 0.1789 | 0.6807 | 0.8680 | 0.0028 | 0.2344 | 0.1630 | |
| 137X | 1.05 (0.36, 1.73) | − 0.06 (− 0.71, 0.59) | 0.34 (− 0.28, 0.95) | 1.83 (0.61, 3.06) | − 0.34 (− 1.35, 0.67) | 0.12 (− 0.86, 1.11) |
| 0.0028 | 0.8531 | 0.2846 | 0.0035 | 0.5092 | 0.8069 | |
| AAMU | 1.42 (0.73, 2.10) | 0.63 (− 0.01, 1.27) | 0.47 (− 0.14, 1.08) | 3.14 (1.92, 4.37) | 1.29 (0.30, 2.28) | 0.81 (− 0.17, 1.78) |
| < 0.0001 | 0.0523 | 0.1348 | < 0.0001 | 0.0108 | 0.1057 | |
Crude Model = unadjusted. Model 1 = Crude Model + sex, age. Model 2 = Model 1 + education level, firearm noise exposure, occupational noise exposure, recreational noise exposure, cotinine, BMI, diabetes, hypertension.