Table 4.
Crude and adjusted odds ratios of influenza and URI (previous 1–14, 1–30, and 1–90 days) for mortality in COVID-19 participants.
| Characteristics | Dead participants | Survived participants | ORs (95% confidence interval) for mortality | E-value (95% CI) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (exposure/total, %) | (exposure/total, %) | Crude | P-value | Model 1† | P-value | Model 2†‡ | P-value | ||
| Previous 1–14 days | |||||||||
| Influenza | 2/237 (0.8%) | 25/7,833 (0.3%) | 2.56 (0.60–10.83) | 0.203 | 3.50 (0.69–17.82) | 0.132 | 3.66 (0.71–18.81) | 0.120 | 1.00 (1.00–37.11) |
| URI | 27/237 (11.3%) | 1,414/7,833 (18.1%) | 0.62 (0.41–0.91) | 0.015* | 0.93 (0.60–1.44) | 0.731 | 0.90 (0.58–1.40) | 0.634 | 1.00 (1.00–2.84) |
| Previous 1–30 days | |||||||||
| Influenza | 2/237 (0.8%) | 30/7,833 (0.4%) | 2.22 (0.53–9.32) | 0.278 | 2.89 (0.60–14.04) | 0.188 | 3.12 (0.64–15.19) | 0.158 | 1.00 (1.00–29.87) |
| URI | 30/237 (12.7%) | 1,711/7,833 (21.8%) | 0.52 (0.35–0.76) | < 0.001* | 0.84 (0.55–1.29) | 0.422 | 0.82 (0.54–1.26) | 0.365 | 1.00 (1.00–3.11) |
| Previous 1–90 days | |||||||||
| Influenza | 5/237 (2.1%) | 141/7,833 (1.8%) | 1.18 (0.48–2.90) | 0.725 | 1.59 (0.58–4.39) | 0.372 | 1.62 (0.59–4.47) | 0.354 | 1.00 (1.00–8.41) |
| URI | 49/237 (20.7%) | 2,645/7,833 (33.8%) | 0.51 (0.37–0.70) | < 0.001* | 0.77 (0.54–1.10) | 0.151 | 0.77 (0.54–1.10) | 0.146 | 1.00 (1.00–3.11) |
*Unconditional logistic regression model, Significance at P < 0.05.
†Model 1 was adjusted for age, sex, income, CCI scores, asthma, COPD, and hypertension.
‡Model 2 was adjusted for model 1 plus influenza and URI.