TABLE 1.
Richmond Agitation and Sedation Scale (RAAS).
| Score | Term | Description |
|---|---|---|
| +4 | Combative | Overtly combative or violent; immediate danger to staff |
| +3 | Very agitated | Pulls on or removes tube (s) or catheter (s) or has aggressive behavior |
| +2 | Agitated | Frequent nonpurposeful movement or patient–ventilator dyssynchrony |
| +1 | Restless | Anxious or apprehensive but movements not aggressive or vigorous |
| 0 | Alert and calm | |
| −1 | Drowsy | Not fully alert but has sustained (>10 s) awakening |
| −2 | Light sedation | Briefly (<10 s) awakens with eye contact to voice |
| −3 | Moderate sedation | Any movement (but no eye contact) to voice |
| −4 | Deep sedation | No response to voice but any movement to physical stimulation |
| −5 | Unarousable | No response to voice or physical stimulation |