Table 1.
Sociodemographic characteristics and differences between groups
| Total (n = 638) | Alive (n = 582) | Deceased (n = 56) | p valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | ||||
| Female | 495 (77.6%) | 446 (90.1%) | 49 (9.9%) | 0.063 |
| Male | 143 (22.4%) | 136 (95.1%) | 7 (4.9%) | |
| Age (years) | ||||
| 18–70 | 300 (46.7%) | 291 (97%) | 9 (3%) | 0.0001 |
| > 70 | 338 (53.3%) | 291 (86.1%) | 47 (13.9%) | |
| Laterality | ||||
| Right | 331 (51.9%) | 303 (91.8%) | 28 (8.2%) | 0.77 |
| Left | 307 (48.1%) | 279 (90.9%) | 28 (9.1%) | |
| Type of trauma | ||||
| Low-energy | 614 (96.2%) | 560 (91.2%) | 54 (8.8%) | 0.987 |
| High-energy | 23 (3.6%) | 21 (91.3%) | 2 (8.7%) | |
| Season | ||||
| Autumn–Winter | 313 (49.1%) | 281 (89.8%) | 32 (10.2%) | 0.205 |
| Spring–Summer | 325 (50.9%) | 301 (92.6%) | 24 (7.4%) | |
| Neer classification | ||||
| Non-displaced and 2-parts | 361 (56.6%) | 322 (89.2%) | 39 (10.8%) | 0.03 |
| 3- or 4-part and fracture-dislocation | 277 (43.4%) | 260 (93.9%) | 17 (6.1%) | |
| AO-OTA classification | ||||
| Type A | 314 (49.2%) | 282 (89.8%) | 32 (10.2%) | 0.453 |
| Type B | 275 (43.1%) | 255 (92.7%) | 20 (7.3%) | |
| Type C | 49 (7.7%) | 45 (91.8%) | 4 (8.2%) | |
| Treatment | ||||
| Conservative | 513 (80.4%) | 464 (90.4%) | 49 (9.6%) | 0.187 |
| Surgical | 125 (19.6%) | 118 (94.4%) | 7 (5.6%) | |
| Locking plate | 47 (37.6%) | 46 (97.9%) | 1 (2.1%) | |
| Endomedullary nail | 16 (12.8%) | 14 (87.5%) | 2 (12.5%) | |
| Kirschner needle | 9 (7.2%) | 9 (100%) | 0 | |
| Reversed total arthroplasty | 36 (28.8%) | 33 (91.7%) | 3 (8.3%) | |
| Others | 17 (13.6%) | 16 (94.1%) | 1 (5.9%) | |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Cardiovascular | 329 (51.6%) | 286 (86.9%) | 43 (13.1%) | 0.0001 |
| Neurological-psychiatric | 187 (29.4%) | 156 (83.4%) | 31 (16.6%) | 0.0001 |
| Smoking-alcoholic abuse | 46 (7.2%) | 41 (89.1%) | 5 (10.9%) | 0.603 |
| Obesity | 37 (5.8%) | 33 (89.2%) | 4 (10.8%) | 0.652 |
| Diabetes | 109 (17.1%) | 95 (87.2%) | 14 (12.8%) | 0.101 |
| Osteoporosis | 63 (9.9%) | 60 (95.2%) | 3 (4.8%) | 0.235 |
| Rheumatologic | 44 (6.9%) | 42 (95.5%) | 2 (4.5%) | 0.317 |
| Endocrinologic | 90 (14.1%) | 79 (87.8%) | 11 (12.2%) | 0.213 |
| Charlson comorbidity index | ||||
| CCI 0–5 | 524 (82.1%) | 500 (95.4%) | 24 (4.6%) | 0.0001 |
| CCI > 5 | 114 (17.9%) | 82 (71.9%) | 32 (28.1%) | |
| Mean | 3.71 ± 3.85 | 3.49 ± 3.9 | 6 ± 2.31 | 0.0001b |
Bold values with statistically significant differences (p < 0.05)
ap value for Chi-square test for comparison of proportions between groups
bp value for t Student test for comparison of means between groups