Table 4.
Baseline characteristics of study population according to quartiles of CVAI.
| Q1 (n = 252) | Q2 (n = 252) | Q3 (n = 252) | Q4 (n = 252) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poor CCs | 83 (32.9) | 131 (52.0) | 160 (63.5) | 218 (86.5) | <0.001 |
| Rentrop | |||||
| 0 | 45 (17.9) | 50 (19.8) | 66 (26.2) | 106 (42.1) | <0.001 |
| 1 | 79 (31.3) | 87 (34.5) | 75 (29.8) | 84 (33.3) | |
| 2 | 96 (38.1) | 95 (37.7) | 99 (39.3) | 55 (21.8) | |
| 3 | 32 (12.7) | 20 (7.9) | 12 (4.8) | 7 (2.8) | |
| Age (years) | 58.60 ± 9.38 | 61.00 ± 9.54 | 62.21 ± 10.55 | 61.73 ± 9.95 | <0.001 |
| Men | 208 (82.5) | 174 (69.0) | 170 (67.5) | 183 (72.6) | 0.001 |
| Ethnicity (%) | |||||
| Hans | 148 (58.7) | 141 (56.0) | 150 (59.5) | 140 (55.6) | 0.553 |
| Uyghurs | 79 (31.3) | 88 (34.9) | 78 (31.0) | 83 (32.8) | |
| Kazakhs | 22 (8.7) | 19 (7.5) | 18 (7.1) | 18 (7.1) | |
| Other ethnicities | 3 (1.3) | 4 (1.5) | 6 (2.4) | 11 (4.5) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.34 ± 3.59 | 25.86 ± 2.55 | 27.89 ± 3.25 | 32.28 ± 5.05 | <0.001 |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | 0.92 ± 0.06 | 0.93 ± 0.06 | 0.97 ± 0.07 | 1.01 ± 0.07 | <0.001 |
| Waist-to-height ratio | 0.51 ± 0.06 | 0.54 ± 0.04 | 0.60 ± 0.06 | 0.66 ± 0.07 | <0.001 |
| MACCE | 79 (31.3) | 47 (18.7) | 66 (26.2) | 107 (42.5) | 0.001 |
| Death | 8 (3.2) | 3 (1.2) | 1 (0.4) | 12 (4.8) | 0.005 |
| Hypertension | 143 (65.3) | 161 (73.2) | 146 (67) | 148 (64.7) | 0.313 |
| T2DM | 102 (40.5) | 100 (39.7) | 92 (36.5) | 130 (51.6) | 0.004 |
| Current smoker | 89 (35.3) | 97 (38.5) | 87 (34.5) | 85 (33.7) | 0.697 |
| RHR (bpm) | 77.06 ± 11.55 | 75.37 ± 10.86 | 77.20 ± 10.88 | 80.18 ± 11.10 | 0.002 |
| HBP (mmHg) | 128.02 ± 17.97 | 131.62 ± 18.99 | 129.82 ± 21.15 | 127.27 ± 17.74 | 0.102 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 76.44 ± 14.60 | 75.67 ± 12.13 | 74.65 ± 12.51 | 76.85 ± 12.11 | 0.955 |
| FBG (mmol/L) | 6.17 ± 2.40 | 6.73 ± 2.89 | 7.01 ± 5.30 | 6.41 ± 2.31 | 0.004 |
| HbA1c (%) | 6.80 ± 1.54 | 6.72 ± 1.48 | 6.90 ± 1.57 | 6.93 ± 1.47 | <0.001 |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 97.34 ± 16.80 | 96.81 ± 16.04 | 93.34 ± 16.25 | 95.66 ± 13.82 | 0.201 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 3.59 ± 0.91 | 3.74 ± 1.00 | 3.86 ± 1.12 | 3.72 ± 1.09 | 0.728 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 2.03 ± 1.16 | 2.27 ± 1.16 | 2.26 ± 1.23 | 2.85 ± 1.52 | <0.001 |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 2.29 ± 0.85 | 2.32 ± 0.87 | 2.40 ± 0.91 | 2.26 ± 0.93 | 0.786 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1.04 ± 0.30 | 0.99 ± 0.25 | 1.02 ± 0.27 | 0.98 ± 0.29 | 0.134 |
| Echocardiography | |||||
| LA (mm) | 36.32 ± 4.53 | 35.84 ± 4.19 | 37.10 ± 5.14 | 37.16 ± 5.07 | <0.001 |
| LVEDD (mm) | 51.22 ± 5.43 | 49.79 ± 5.35 | 51.71 ± 6.43 | 54.62 ± 26.60 | <0.001 |
| LVESD (mm) | 34.85 ± 5.94 | 33.78 ± 4.93 | 35.67 ± 6.89 | 36.73 ± 7.47 | 0.001 |
| LVEF (%) | 59.79 ± 7.20 | 60.62 ± 6.14 | 58.48 ± 7.99 | 58.11 ± 8.17 | <0.001 |
Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation or number.
CTO, chronic total occlusion; CCs, coronary collateralizations; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FPB, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; LA, left atrium; RA, Right atrium; LVEDD, left ventricular end diastolic diameter; LVESD, left ventricular end systolic diameter; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; RHR, Resting heart rate; eGFR, estimated Glomerular filtration rate.