Table 2.

Intervention components.

Intervention components	Brief description	Theoretical background
Engagement intervention components
Interpersonal style of the Elena+ CA	Interpersonal and empathetic communication in line with coaching literature to increase relational between coach and coachee	Working Alliance, Horvath and Greenberg (130); Establishing and Maintaining Long-Term Human- Computer Relationships, Bickmore et al. (32).
Tailoring of the Elena+ coaching	Where possible, personalization is offered to tailor the intervention. Examples include the assessment quiz making tailored recommendations, self-selection of coaching topics, being available 24/7 for users between coaching session appointments. In line with coaching literature, individual choice and autonomy are preserved throughout, which also includes only making suggestions in a non-forceful manner.	Self-determination Theory, Ryan and Deci (49); Positive psychology coaching, Passmore and Oades (29)
Gamification of the Elena+ app	Gamification in the form of winning hearts and badges for demonstration of progress and motivational reinforcement	Serious Games and Gamification for Mental Health, Fleming et al. (52); Gamification for Health Promotion: Edwards et al. (131).
Framing of usage experience expectations	In line with services marketing, information systems research, and human-computer interaction research, we take inspiration in shaping first encounters through use of onboarding individuals regarding usage expectations and privacy matters.	Role Theory in the Service Encounter (132); The Onboarding Effect (133) Cardoso 2017; Communication Privacy Management Theory, Metzger (134)
Social media promotion of the Elena+ app	Advertisements and posts are used to promote, recruit and shape perceptions of the Elena+ app to adults 18+. At the time of writing, Facebook is actively used, we also have reserved Twitter, LinkedIn and Instagram accounts.	Using Social Media For Health Research, Arigo et al. (63); Harnessing Social Media for Health Promotion and Behavior Change, Korda and Itani (64)
Lifestyle intervention components
Psychoeducation	Coaching sessions centered around health literacy information delivered by domain experts and put into an easy to understand format for those of varied health literacy levels.	Health Promotion, Nutbeam and Kickbusch (65), Health Literacy, World Health Organization (135).
Behavior change activities	Activities from certain coaching traditions as relevant to the domain (e.g. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Motivational Interviewing etc.) are used to put health information in context in the coachees life.	The Psychology of Coaching and Mentoring, Passmore et al. (37)
Planning activities	At the end of a coaching session, individuals are encouraged to set a behavioral intention. This synthesizes information participants may have learnt and by setting an intention, crystalizes it to a concrete next step, helping in the behavioral change process. Additionally, planning activities may be used during sessions with regard to straightforward plans to help implement behavioral intentions.	Health Action Process Approach, Schwarzer (85), Gollwitzer (136).