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. 2021 Oct 21;12:723454. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.723454

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Copyright © 2021 Kang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Schematic overview of extraocular light perception in the midbrain and brain stem of avian species for the physiological response. The following abbreviations are used in the figure: 5-HT, serotonin; DA, dopamine; CRN, caudal raphe nucleus; DRN, dorsal raphe nucleus; n, neuron; PMM, premammillary nucleus; VTA, ventral tegmental area.