Table 6.
Mean ± SD of the studied clinical and biochemical parameters among the participants at the basal and last visit of the study.
| Parameters | Group A (no. = 31) Riboflavin fortified cloudy apple juice |
Group B (no. = 23) Cloudy apple juice |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day 1 |
Day 28 |
% change | Day 1 |
Day 28 |
% change | ||
| Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | ||||||
| Age (years) | 24.42 ± 2.32 | 24.43 ± 1.95 | |||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.11 ± 1.02 | 26.09 ± 1.00 | −0.08 | 25.59 ± 0.85 | 25.59 ± 0.98 | 0.0 | |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 114.35 ± 6.92 | 114.03 ± 7.24 | −0.28 | 114.57 ± 6.73 | 113.91 ± 6.73 | −0.58 | |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 61.77 ± 3.04 | 61.61 ± 3.26 | −0.26 | 61.52 ± 3.51 | 61.52 ± 3.51 | 0.0 | |
| HR (beats/min) | 70.13 ± 4.30 | 70.26 ± 4.31 | 0.19 | 69.57 ± 4.34 | 69.48 ± 4.06 | −0.13 | |
| BF (%) | 15.99 ± 1.96 | 15.87 ± 1.92 | −0.75 | 15.09 ± 1.8 | 15.09 ± 1.9 | 0.0∗c | |
| Muscle mass (Kg) | 50.26 ± 4.75 | 50.28 ± 4.63 | 0.04 | 49.85 ± 4.8 | 49.82 ± 4.7 | −0.06∗c | |
| BMR (kcal/day) | 2824.74 ± 143.99 | 2956.71 ± 139.01∗a | 4.67 | 2899 ± 149.87 | 2907.2 ± 150.6 | 0.28∗c | |
| Total CIS | 91.81 ± 5.29 | 31.84 ± 3.01∗a | −65.32 | 76.74 ± 6.27 | 63.57 ± 5.67 | −17.16∗c | |
| Subjective fatigue subscale | 52.84 ± 3.40 | 14.16 ± 2.72∗a | −73.20 | 40.83 ± 5.98 | 30.78 ± 5.61 ∗b |
−24.61∗c | |
| Decreased Physical activity subscale | 20.19 ± 1.05 | 3.58 ± 0.67∗a | −82.27 | 20.04 ± 1.10 | 18.74 ± 1.09 | −6.49∗c | |
| Decreased motivation subscale | 8.84 ± 3.21 | 5.58 ± 1.11 | −36.88 | 5.91 ± 1.31 | 5.52 ± 1.08 | −6.60∗c | |
| Decreased concentration subscale | 9.94 ± 1.73 | 8.52 ± 1.46 | −14.29 | 9.96 ± 1.87 | 8.52 ± 1.50 | −14.46 | |
| FSS | 42.71 ± 4.86 | 13.61 ± 3.91∗a | −68.13 | 41.83 ± 3.93 | 38.61 ± 4.19 | −7.70∗c | |
| Catalase (U/L) | 52.34 ± 8.69 | 80.94 ± 7.60∗a | 54.65 | 53.32 ± 9.35 | 54.04 ± 7.90 | 1.35∗c | |
| TAC (mM/L) | 0.62 ± 0.11 | 1.08 ± 0.60∗a | 74.19 | 0.59 ± 0.10 | 0.60 ± 0.09 | 1.69∗c | |
| MDA (nmol/ml) | 5.82 ± 1.10 | 2.69 ± 0.63∗a | −53.78 | 6.05 ± 1.14 | 5.77 ± 1.12∗b | −4.63∗c | |
BMI: body mass index; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; HR: heart rate; BF: body fat; BMR: basal metabolic rate; CIS: Checklist Individual Strength; FSS: Fatigue Severity Scale; TAC: total antioxidant capacity; MDA: malondialdehyde; a & b: Before vs. After of group A and group B respectively. c: % changes in group A vs. group B. Significant at ∗p < 0.05.