Table 1.
Molecular prevalence rates of Anaplasmataceae and Anaplasma marginale according to geographic, bioclimatic, and cattle-related risk factors.
| Risk factors | Number | Anaplasmataceae | A. marginale | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Positive (% ± CIa) | p-Value | Positive (% ± CIa) | p-Value | ||
| Governorates | |||||
| Bizerte | 189 | 53 (28.04 ± 0.064) | 0.000* | 12 (6.35 ± 0.034) | 0.006* |
| Ariana | 68 | 16 (23.53 ± 0.100) | 1 (1.47 ± 0.027) | ||
| Manouba | 197 | 49 (24.87 ± 0.060) | 1 (0.51 ± 0.009) | ||
| Siliana | 35 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ||
| Jendouba | 62 | 11 (17.74 ± 0.095) | 2 (3.23 ± 0.043) | ||
| Beja | 64 | 24 (37.50 ± 0.118) | 2 (3.13 ± 0.042) | ||
| Kairouan | 30 | 4 (13.33 ± 0.121) | 0 (0) | ||
| Kasserine | 24 | 2 (8.33 ± 0.110) | 1 (4.17 ± 0.079) | ||
| Zaghouan | 42 | 6 (14.29 ± 0.105) | 0 (0) | ||
| Sousse | 33 | 1 (3.03 ± 0.058) | 0 (0) | ||
| Gabes | 47 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ||
| Bioclimatic area | |||||
| Subhumid | 142 | 65 (45.77 ± 0.081) | 0.000* | 13 (9.15 ± 0.047) | 0.000* |
| Upper humid | 59 | 11 (18.64 ± 0.099) | 2 (3.39 ± 0.045) | ||
| Lower humid | 35 | 8 (22.86 ± 0.138) | 0 | ||
| Upper semiarid | 344 | 69 (20.05 ± 0.042) | 3 (0.87 ± 0.009) | ||
| Medium semiarid | 77 | 6 (7.79 ± 0.059) | 0 | ||
| Lower semiarid | 33 | 1 (3.03 ± 0.058) | 0 | ||
| Upper arid | 54 | 6 (11.11 ± 0.083) | 1 (1.85 ± 0.035) | ||
| Lower arid | 47 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Total | 791 | 166 (20.99 ± 0.028) | 19 (2.40 ± 0.010) | ||
| Gender | |||||
| Male | 109 | 14 (12.84 ± 0.062) | 0.024* | 5 (4.59 ± 0.038) | 0.108 |
| Female | 682 | 152 (22.29 ± 0.031) | 14 (2.05 ± 0.010) | ||
| Age | |||||
| ≤ 2 years | 212 | 33 (15.57 ± 0.048) | 0.060 | 8 (3.77 ± 0.025) | 0.214 |
| >2 and ≤ 5 years | 241 | 52 (21.58 ± 0.051) | 3 (1.24 ± 0.013) | ||
| >5 years | 338 | 81 (23.96 ± 0.045) | 8 (2.37 ± 0.015) | ||
| Breed | |||||
| Friesian pie noire | 287 | 34 (11.85 ± 0.037) | 0.000* | 7 (2.44 ± 0.017) | 0.138 |
| Holstein | 257 | 74 (28.79 ± 0.055) | 2 (0.78 ± 0.010) | ||
| Brown Swiss | 109 | 27 (24.77 ± 0.080) | 4 (3.67 ± 0.034) | ||
| Cross | 95 | 20 (21.05 ± 0.081) | 3 (3.16 ± 0.034) | ||
| Local | 20 | 5 (25 ± 0.189) | 1 (5 ± 0.095) | ||
| Other breedsb | 23 | 6 (26.08 ± 0.180) | 2 (8.69 ± 0.115) | ||
| Tick infestation | |||||
| Infested | 338 | 90 (26.63 ± 0.047) | 0.000* | 13 (3.85 ± 0.020) | 0.022* |
| Not infested | 453 | 76 (16.78 ± 0.034) | 6 (1.32 ± 0.010) | ||
| Total | 791 | 166 (20.99 ± 0.028) | 19 (2.40 ± 0.010) | ||
a
CI: 95% confidence interval.
b
Other breeds are Tarentaise (n = 12), Montbeliarde (n = 9), Charolais (n = 1), and Belgian Blue White (n = 1).
*
Statistically significant test.