Table 5.

Summary of probiotic strains reported to decrease C. sakazakii infections.

Probiotic	Application	Age group	Outcome	References
Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938	In vivo	Very low birth weight (<1,500g birth weight)	Reduced incidence of NEC	Hunter et al., 2012
L. casei or L. acidophilus CFS and live cells	In vitro and reconstituted PIF		Reduced viability of C. sakazakii in both treatments and applications	Awaisheh et al., 2013
Cocktail of Bifidobacterium spp. and LGG	In vivo	Preterm infants (<37weeks gestational age)	Reduced frequency in neonatal intensive care unit	Janvier et al., 2014
Bifidobacterium infantis CFS	In vivo; mice model		Protection against C. sakazakii induced ileal inflammation	Weng et al., 2014
L. acidophilus strain Narine CFS	In vitro and reconstituted PIF		Inhibition and damaged cells of C. sakazakii	Charchoghlyan et al., 2016
Bacteroides fragilis ZY-312, next-generation probiotic candidate	In vitro		Inhibited C. sakazakii invasion and regulates cell apoptosis	Fan et al., 2019
L. rhamnosus or L. acidophilus CFS	In vitro		Inhibition and damaged cells of C. sakazakii	Campana et al., 2019
Various Lactobacillus spp. CFS	In vitro		Inhibited C. sakazakii biofilm formation	Jamwal et al., 2019