Table 2.
| Characteristic | Total (N=44,477) | Attending physician (n=23,114) | Physician trainee (n=18,781) | Nonphysician (n=2582) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic characteristics | |||||
| Age (y) | 65.0±15.5 | 65.9±15.1 | 63.7±16.0 | 67.0±14.2 | <.001 |
| Female sex | 18,161 (40.8) | 9551 (41.3) | 7503 (40.05) | 1107 (42.9) | .001 |
| White race | 30,310 (68.2) | 15,562 (67.4) | 12,715 (67.8) | 2033 (78.8) | <.001 |
| Rhythm type | |||||
| Shockable | 7760 (17.4) | 4052 (17.5) | 3258 (17.3) | 450 (17.4) | .88 |
| Nonshockable | 36,717 (82.6) | 19,062 (82.5) | 15,523 (82.7) | 2132 (82.6) | .88 |
| Comorbidities | |||||
| Heart failure current admission | 6440 (14.5) | 3027 (13.1) | 3075 (16.4) | 338 (13.1) | <.001 |
| MI/ischemia current admission | 6404 (14.4) | 3365 (14.6) | 2636 (14.0) | 403 (15.6) | .06 |
| Respiratory insufficiency | 20,908 (47.0) | 10,066 (43.5) | 9660 (51.4) | 1182 (45.8) | <.001 |
| Renal insufficiency | 16,085 (36.2) | 8137 (35.2) | 7086 (37.7) | 862 (33.4) | <.001 |
| Hepatic insufficiency | 3772 (8.5) | 1644 (7.1) | 1930 (10.3) | 198 (7.7) | <.001 |
| Metabolic/electrolyte abnormality | 11,117 (25.0) | 5139 (22.2) | 5537 (29.5) | 441 (17.1) | <.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 15,411 (34.6) | 8018 (34.7) | 6420 (34.2) | 973 (37.7) | .002 |
| Acute stroke | 1854 (4.2) | 882 (3.8) | 896 (4.8) | 76 (2.9) | <.001 |
| Pneumonia | 6240 (14.0) | 3207 (13.9) | 2583 (13.8) | 450 (17.4) | <.001 |
| Major trauma | 2358 (5.3) | 941 (4.1) | 1220 (6.5) | 197 (7.6) | <.001 |
| Previous MI | 6370 (14.3) | 3278 (14.2) | 2698 (14.4) | 394 (15.3) | .32 |
| Previous hypotension/hypoperfusion | 12,166 (27.4) | 5868 (25.4) | 5712 (30.4) | 586 (22.7) | <.001 |
| Previous sepsis | 8123 (18.3) | 3876 (16.8) | 3739 (19.9) | 508 (19.7) | <.001 |
| Previous malignant neoplasm | 4694 (10.6) | 2313 (10.0) | 2151 (11.5) | 230 (8.9) | <.001 |
| Previous hepatic insufficiency | 3772 (8.5) | 1644 (7.1) | 1930 (10.3) | 198 (7.7) | <.001 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 18,804 (42.3) | 9398 (40.7) | 8342 (44.4) | 1064 (41.2) | <.001 |
| Vasoactive agent | 11,598 (26.1) | 5932 (25.7) | 5006 (26.7) | 660 (5.6) | .05 |
| Location of IHCA | |||||
| ICU | 21,661 (48.7) | 11,219 (48.6) | 9289 (49.5) | 1153 (44.7) | <.001 |
| Monitored | 6322 (14.2) | 3513 (15.2) | 2483 (13.2) | 326 (12.6) | |
| Nonmonitored | 6714 (15.1) | 3227 (14.0) | 2996 (16.0) | 491 (19.0) | |
| ED | 5300 (11.9) | 2878 (12.5) | 2094 (11.2) | 328 (12.7) | |
| Procedural | 3613 (8.1) | 1763 (7.6) | 1614 (8.6) | 236 (9.1) | |
| Other | 847 (1.9) | 507 (2.2) | 292 (1.6) | 48 (1.9) | |
a
ED, emergency department; ICU, intensive care unit; IHCA, in-hospital cardiac arrest; MI, myocardial infarction.
b
Data are presented as mean ± SD or as No. (percentage).