Bone marrow–derived macrophages were cultured for 5 days with
free IFN-γ, blank backpacks, or IFN-γ backpacks. Expression of
representative (A) M1 markers (iNOS, MHCII, and CD80) and (B) M2 markers
[vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hypoxia-inducible factor 1α
(HIF-1α), and CD206], relative to unpolarized macrophages. Graphs are
logarithmic (n = 10,000 events per data point). Reprinted with permission from
ref. [96].