Table 3.
summary of participant characteristics (by BMI status)
| Variable | Frequency (valid %) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal weight (n = 27,488) | Overweight (n = 21,994) | Obese (n = 12,676) | Morbidly obese (n = 1678) | All valid BMI categories (n = 64,631) | |
| Gender (n = 64,481) | |||||
| Male | 8749 (31.9%) | 9838 (44.8%) | 4628 (36.6%) | 399 (23.9%) | 23,813 (36.9%) |
| Female | 18,686 (68.1%) | 12,107 (55.2%) | 8009 (63.4%) | 1270 (76.1%) | 40,668 (63.1%) |
| Academic qualifications (n = 64,631) | |||||
| Degree level or above | 3335 (12.1%) | 1898 (8.6%) | 693 (5.5%) | 59 (3.5%) | 6038 (9.3%) |
| Below degree level | 24,153 (87.9%) | 20,096 (91.4%) | 11,983 (94.5%) | 1619 (96.5%) | 58,593 (90.7%) |
| Family history of diabetes (n = 34,317) | |||||
| No diabetes in family | 10,622 (72.9%) | 7593 (68.9%) | 4130 (57.3%) | 512 (48.4%) | 23,159 (67.5%) |
| Diabetes in family | 3948 (27.1%) | 3426 (31.1%) | 3081 (42.7%) | 546 (51.6%) | 11,158 (32.5%) |
| Employment status (n = 48,136) | |||||
| Not employed | 5029 (24.2%) | 4933 (29.6%) | 2520 (27.8%) | 282 (25.0%) | 12,934 (26.9%) |
| Employed | 15,770 (75.8%) | 11,724 (70.4%) | 6545 (72.2%) | 848 (75.0%) | 35,202 (73.1%) |
| Mental health-related LTCs (n = 62,539) | |||||
| Less than 3 LTCs | 25,640 (93.3%) | 20,111 (91.4%) | 10,680 (84.3%) | 1267 (75.5%) | 63,917 (90.2%) |
| 3 or more LTCs | 1848 (6.7%) | 1883 (8.6%) | 1996 (15.7%) | 411 (24.5%) | 6919 (9.8%) |
| Physical health-related LTCs (n = 62,539) | |||||
| Less than 3 LTCs | 26,942 (98.0%) | 21,075 (95.8%) | 11,585 (91.4%) | 1440 (85.8%) | 67,751 (95.6%) |
| 3 or more LTCs | 546 (2.0%) | 919 (4.2%) | 1091 (8.6%) | 238 (14.2%) | 3085 (4.4%) |
| Smoking status (n = 64,631) | |||||
| Never smoked / ex-smoker | 23,531 (85.6%) | 19,210 (87.3%) | 10,700 (86.9%) | 1433 (87.6%) | 54,208 (86.1%) |
| Smoke daily/occasionally | 3957 (14.4%) | 2784 (12.7%) | 1620 (13.2%) | 203 (12.4%) | 8736 (13.9%) |
| Variable | Mean (SD) | ||||
| Age (years) (n = 63,711) | 47.3 (18.6) | 53.5 (16.7) | 52.5 (16.0) | 49.6 (14.9) | 50.4 (17.7) |
| IMD score (n = 48,119) | 20.5 (16.4) | 22.2 (16.8) | 25.7 (17.8) | 29.6 (18.9) | 22.3 (17.1) |
| Hours spent in physical exercise/cycling in typical week (n = 34,532) | 3.66 (1.65) | 3.33 (1.54) | 0.852 (1.32) | 0.570 (1.10) | 1.25 (1.56) |
| Hours spent walking in typical week (n = 60,029) | 2.89 (0.976) | 2.75 (1.02) | 1.60 (1.08) | 1.46 (1.10) | 1.73 (1.05) |
| Visits to healthcare professional in last 3 months (n = 64,631) | 2.32 (4.92) | 2.58 (5.56) | 3.26 (5.83) | 4.91 (9.19) | 2.68 (5.53) |
| Days off work due to sickness in last 3 months (n = 41,446) | 2.62 (12.2) | 3.36 (14.4) | 5.38 (18.4) | 10.1 (25.3) | 3.59 (14.8) |
| Visits to hospital as outpatient in last 3 months (n = 64,631) | 0.567 (2.09) | 0.672 (2.10) | 0.831 (2.43) | 1.12 (3.56) | 0.142 (1.15) |
| Visits to hospital as day case in last 3 months (n = 64,631) | 0.116 (1.07) | 0.150 (1.19) | 0.177 (1.24) | 0.204 (1.39) | 0.814 (2.62) |
| Nights spent in hospital as inpatient in last 3 months (n = 64,631) | 0.222 (2.18) | 0.222 (1.83) | 0.277 (2.63) | 0.641 (4.28) | 0.247 (2.26) |
| EQ-5D QoL summary index (n = 61,708) | 0.848 (0.200) | 0.805 (0.224) | 0.733 (0.265) | 0.619 (0.324) | 0.804 (0.232) |
| EQ-5D QoL score – mobility domain | 1.22 (0.572) | 1.36 (0.693) | 1.58 (0.840) | 1.92 (1.04) | 1.36 (0.708) |
| EQ-5D QoL score – self-care domain | 1.08 (0.354) | 1.11 (0.420) | 1.20 (0.556) | 1.38 (0.748) | 1.12 (0.443) |
| EQ-5D QoL score – activities domain | 1.26 (0.612) | 1.35 (0.700) | 1.55 (0.849) | 1.85 (1.04) | 1.36 (0.722) |
| EQ-5D QoL score – pain domain | 1.53 (0.752) | 1.70 (0.817) | 1.97 (0.941) | 2.30 (1.07) | 1.70 (0.846) |
| EQ-5D QoL score – anxiety domain | 1.43 (0.710) | 1.44 (0.722) | 1.61 (0.847) | 1.93 (1.02) | 1.49 (0.761) |