Table 3.

Literature review

Author, year	Patient characteristics							Comorbidity	Follow-up
	Age	Gender	Symptom	FD	Vascular disease	Management
						FD	Vascular disease
Gianluca [4], 1996	36	Female	Facial asymmetry	MAS; right sphenoid and frontal bones and right ethmoidal cells	Arteriovenous malformation involving the right palpebra and orbit arising from external carotid artery	Follow-up and observation	Follow-up and observation	Dysgenic iridocorneal angles with increased intraocular pressure and retinal degeneration	No
Ishiguro [9], 1985	33	Male	Hard mass	Right frontal bone, orbit, sphenoid bone and parietal bone	Arteriovenous fistula arising from multiple branches of external carotid artery and medial frontal artery	Resection and the defects replaced by bone cement	embolization	No	1 year; no symptoms recur
Yamashita[44] fcv, 2019	66	Female	Cranial bone deformity and vision loss in the left eye	Left cranial vault and left orbit	Middle meningeal artery aneurysm	Follow-up and observation	Surgical removal after Embolization	No	6-month; no symptomatic recurrence
Pan [7], 2020	48	Male	Diplopia, tinnitus	Right sphenoid, occiput, and right temporal bone	Arteriovenous fistula within the occipital FD with blood supply from branches of external carotid arteries and vertebral arteries	Biopsy	Embolization	FD of the right lower extremity, bilateral upper extremeties, ribs, right scapula	No